Vandens fluoravimas

Vandens fluoravimas nedaro įtakos geriamojo vandens išvaizdai, skoniui ir kvapui.[1]

Vandens fluoravimas – kontroliuojamas vandentiekio vandens papildymas fluoru, dantų ėduonies mažinimui.

Fluoruotame vandenyje yra pakankamas fluoro kiekis, kuris stabdo ertmių dantyse plitimą. Kai natūraliu būdu, su maistu gaunamo fluoro kiekis yra nepakankamas, jo trūkumą kompensuoja fluoruotas vanduo.[2] Fluoruotas vanduo veikia per danties paviršių, suteikdamas seilėms nedidelį kiekį fluoro, kuris mažina mineralinių druskų išplovimą iš dantų emalio ir papildo mineralais katik susiformavusio ėduonies pažeistą vietą.[3]

Paprastai į vandenį maišomos fluoro turinčios medžiagos. Kai natūralus fluoro kiekis vandenyje per didelis, tuomet jis mažinamas iki leistinos ribos.[4] 1994 m. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos ekspertų komitetas nustatė fluoro normą geriamajame vandenyje, kuri priklausomai nuo klimato, yra 0,5-1,0 ml/l.[5] Buteliuose parduodamame vandenyje fluoro kiekis dažniausiai nenustatinėjamas, o namuose esantys filtrai dažniausiai pilnai arba dalinai sulaiko vandentiekio vandenyje esantį fluorą.[6]

1989 m. paskaičuota, kad vandens papildymas fluoru JAV vidutiniškai kainavo 0,51 dolerio vienam žmogui per metus.[2]

Vandens fluoravimo tikslas – chroniškų ligų prevencija, kuri labiausiai reikalinga vaikams ir skurdiems visuomenės sluoksniams.[7] Jo naudojimas yra konflikto tarp bendrojo gėrio ir asmens teisių pavyzdys. Bendrojo naudojimo vandentiekio vandens fluoravimas vertinamas prieštaringai, todėl kyla etiniai ir teisiniai nesutarimai. Be to, yra nuomonių, kad vandens fluoravimas yra neefektyvus ir netgi pavojingas.[8] Nepaisant to sveikatos priežiūros ir odontologijos specialistai visame pasaulyje patvirtina geriamojo fluoruoto vandens saugumą ir efektyvumą.[3] Vandens fluoravimas buvo pradėtas XX a. penktajame dešimtmetyje, ištyrus vaikus, kurie gyveno vietovėse, kuriose fluoro kiekis vandenyje padidintas dirbtinai. Mokslininkai nustatė, kad saikingas fluoridų naudojimas apsaugo dantis nuo ėduonies.[9] 2004 m. apie 400 mln. gyventojų buvo aprūpinti fluoruotu vandeniu.[10]

Taip pat skaitykite

Šaltiniai

  1. Lamberg M, Hausen H, Vartiainen T (1997). „Symptoms experienced during periods of actual and supposed water fluoridation“. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 25 (4): 291–5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00942.x. PMID 9332806.{{cite journal}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 2,0 2,1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001). „Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States“. MMWR Recomm Rep. 50 (RR-14): 1–42. PMID 11521913.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Pizzo G, Piscopo MR, Pizzo I, Giuliana G (2007). „Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review“. Clin Oral Investig. 11 (3): 189–93. doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0111-6. PMID 17333303.{{cite journal}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. Taricska JR, Wang LK, Hung YT, Li KH (2006). „Fluoridation and defluoridation“. In Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas NK (red.). Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes. Handbook of Environmental Engineering 4. Humana Press. pp. 293–315. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_9. ISBN 978-1-59745-029-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use (1994). „Fluorides and oral health“ (PDF). WHO technical report series 846. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-120846-5. Suarchyvuotas originalas (PDF) 2015-02-17. Nuoroda tikrinta 2009-03-06. {{cite journal}}: Citatai journal privalomas |journal= (pagalba)
  6. Hobson WL, Knochel ML, Byington CL, Young PC, Hoff CJ, Buchi KF (2007). „Bottled, filtered, and tap water use in Latino and non-Latino children“. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161 (5): 457–61. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.5.457. PMID 17485621.{{cite journal}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB (2007). „Dental caries“. Lancet. 369 (9555): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2. PMID 17208642.{{cite journal}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. Armfield JM (2007). „When public action undermines public health: a critical examination of antifluoridationist literature“. Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 4: 25. doi:10.1186/1743-8462-4-25. PMC 2222595. PMID 18067684. Suarchyvuotas originalas 2008-06-17. Nuoroda tikrinta 2013-01-10.{{cite journal}}: CS1 priežiūra: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. Ripa LW (1993). „A half-century of community water fluoridation in the United States: review and commentary“ (PDF). J Public Health Dent. 53 (1): 17–44. PMID 8474047. Suarchyvuotas originalas (PDF) 2013-01-17. Nuoroda tikrinta 2009-01-01.
  10. The British Fluoridation Society; The UK Public Health Association; The British Dental Association; The Faculty of Public Health (2004). „The extent of water fluoridation“. One in a Million: The facts about water fluoridation (2nd leid.). Manchester: British Fluoridation Society. pp. 55–80. ISBN 095476840X. Suarchyvuotas originalas (PDF) 2008-11-22. Nuoroda tikrinta 2013-01-10.{{cite book}}: CS1 priežiūra: multiple names: authors list (link)

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