Superkompiuteris

Roadrunner, Los Alamoso nacionalinėje laboratorijoje

Superkompiuteris – kompiuteris, skirtas atlikti sudėtingiems ir labai daug operacijų reikalaujantiems skaičiavimams.[1]

Superkompiuteriai naudojami kuriant automobilius, lėktuvus, taip pat vaistų gamyboje, meteorologijoje (numatant orų pasikeitimus) ir kitose sferose. Bioinformatikoje jie taikomi nustatant trimates baltymų struktūras iš aminorūgščių sekos.

Superkompiuteriai naudojami taip pat ir filmų kūrime, dirbtinai sukuriant įvairius vaizdus. „Žiedų valdove“ taip buvo sukurtas keistai atrodantis personažas Golumas. Pritaikomi ir įvairiose kitose srityse, kur reikalingi intensyvūs skaičiavimai.

Šiuolaikiniuose superkompiuteriuose paprastai naudojami lygiagretūs skaičiavimo algoritmai, kuomet tą patį uždavinį vienu metu sprendžia daugelis procesorių. Atskiras procesorius nėra greitesnis už paprastą kompiuterį, tačiau superkompiuteryje jų būna nuo kelių šimtų iki keleto tūkstančių.

Pirmieji superkompiuteriai buvo pristatyti 1960 m.

Greičiausias pasaulyje superkompiuteris Jaguar (susidedantis iš 224 162 procesorių) turi 175 900 TFLOPS galią [2], palyginimui PlayStation 3 turi 218 GFLOPS galią (be vaizdo plokštės, kuri turi apie 200 GFLOPS galią).

2022 m. galingiausias pasaulio superkompiuteris buvo JAV įrengtas „Frontier“ su daugiau kaip 8 mln. branduolių.[3]

Vilniaus universiteto superkompiuteris yra didžiausias superkompiuteris Lietuvoje.

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Superkompiuteris. V. Dagienė, G. Grigas, T. Jevsikova. Enciklopedinis kompiuterijos žodynas. 4-as leidimas. Vilnius: VU MII, 2014 // EKŽ, 2021, nuolat atnaujinamas. ISBN 978-9986-680-52-9.
  2. ↑ „Superkompiuterių TOP500“. Nuoroda tikrinta 2010-05-24.
  3. ↑ Giedrimas, Vaidas (2023). Informatikos ir informatinio mąstymo mokomoji veikla. Kompiuterio sandara (PDF). Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. p. 21.
  1. 500 greičiausių superkompiuterių sąrašas
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