Sistema

Sistema iš tranzistoriaus, keturių rezistorių, kondensatoriaus ir maitinimo šaltinio geba sustiprinti signalą (paskiri komponentai negalėtų). Elementai susiję tarpusavyje, bet ne visi su visais. Stiprintuvas yra sudėtingesnės sistemos (tarkim, radijo aparato) dalis. Tranzistorius pats yra gana sudėtinga sistema.

Sistema (gr. σύστημα, systēma 'sustatyta, sudėliota') – susijusių elementų aibė, kuri objektyviai iš aplinkos išsiskiria tuo, kad sistemos elementų ryšiai stipresni ar kokybiškai kitokie nei už sistemos ribų. Sistema pasižymi savybėmis, kurių paskiri ją sudarantys elementai neturi.[1] Sistemos elementas neprivalo būti susijęs su visais kitais šios sistemos elementais, tačiau elementas, nesusijęs nė su vienu, paprastai nelaikomas tos sistemos dalimi.

Sistemoms būdinga hierarchija, jų elementai dažniausiai patys yra sistemos, ir visa sistema yra kokios nors didesnės sistemos elementas.[2] Pavyzdžiui, žmogaus ląstelė susideda iš molekulių (atomų sistemų), pati yra sistema ir taip pat yra organizmo elementas. Techninėms, biologinėms sistemoms taip pat būdingas tikslas, funkcija, kuriai atlikti ji sukurta ar išsivystė bei kurios jos elementai paskirai atlikti negali.[1][3]

Sistema gali būti tiek materiali (pvz., Saulės sistema), tiek nemateriali (pvz., bioetinių pažiūrų sistema).

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Techninė sistema: samprata, apibūdinimas, savybės. J. Salamatov (rus.) ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА: ПОНЯТИЕ, ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, СВОЙСТВА. Юрий Петрович Саламатов (Книга он-лине).
  2. ↑ Šiek tiek apie sistemas. G. Altov (G. Altshuller), And Suddenly The Inventor Appeared, 1984. Translated and adapted from Russian by L. Shulyak, 1996. SOMETHING ABOUT THE SYSTEMS.
  3. ↑ Sistemos apibrėžimas Culture.lt
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