Niujorko vertybinių popierių birža

Niujorko vertybinių popierių birža (angl. New York Stock Exchange, NYSE) – vertybinių popierių birža, įsikūrusi Volstrite, Žemutiniame Manhatane, Niujorko mieste, JAV. Tai yra seniausia šalyje ir didžiausia pasaulyje vertybinių popierių birža, kurioje 2018 m. listinguojamų bendrovių rinkos kapitalizacija siekė 30,1 trln. JAV dol.,[1] o bendra biržos vertybinių popierių apyvarta siekė 153 mlrd. JAV dol. per dieną 2008 m.

Prekiaujama akcijomis, bendrovių ir vyriausybių obligacijomis, iždo vekseliais, išvestinėmis finansinėmis priemonėmis, struktūrizuotais produktais, investicinių fondų vienetais, prekių sandoriais.[2] Savo sąraše ji turi daugiau nei 2400 įvairaus pobūdžio vertybinių popierių. Teisė prekiauti biržoje suteikiama vienerių metų licencijomis, kurių kaina siekia 50 000 JAV dol. Prekyba vyksta aukciono būdu biržos salėje, t. p. elektroninėje rinkoje. Vertybinių popierių kursų kitimo tendencijas parodo Dow Joneso indeksai bei indeksas NYSE Composite.

NYSE 1882 m.

Istorija

XVII a. Niujorkas (tada dar vadinamas Naujuoju Amsterdamu) buvo nedidelė besivystanti gyvenvietė. Dabartinės Biržos vietoje stovėjo pastatas, kuriame iš Lietuvos pajūrio atvykęs Aleksandras Karolis Kuršius įkūrė pirmąją mieste lotynišką aukštesniąją mokyklą (gimnaziją). Apie tai primena Lietuvių dutūkstantųjų metų komiteto pritvirtinta atminimo lenta.[3]

Biržos istorija siekia 1792 m. gegužės 17 d., kuomet Volstrite, prie batonvudo medžio, tarp 24 brokerių buvo pasirašyta Batonvudo sutartis. Susirinkę pirkliai nuo tos dienos sutarė keistis ne prekėmis, o jas patvirtinančiais dokumentais.

XX a. Niujorko vertybinių popierių biržos prekybos tendencijos, išreikštos indeksų pokyčiais, buvo vienas svarbiausių Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų ekonomikos būklės rodiklių. Dėl staigaus vertybinių popierių kainų šuolio žemyn 1929 m. spalio 29 d., praminto Juoduoju ketvirtadieniu, kilo Didžioji depresija.

2006 m. iš ne pelno organizacijos tapo akcine bendrove.

Išnašos

  1. ↑ „2016“. Suarchyvuotas originalas vasario 12, 2019. Nuoroda tikrinta vasario 6, 2019.
  2. ↑ Niujorko vertybinių popierių birža. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. V (Dis-Fatva). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2004
  3. ↑ Povilas Sigitas Krivickas. Trys lietuvių atmenos Manhatane // www.tv3.lt

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