Korintinis šalmas

Bronzinis korintinis šalmas (~apie 500 m.p.m.e)
Korintinio tipo šalmas iš Luvro (VI a. pr. m. e.

Korintinis šalmas (angl. Corinthian helmet; sen.gr. κόρυς κορινθίη; gr. κάσκα κορινθιακή) – uždaras bronzinis šalmas, būdingas Korinto apylinkėms senovės Graikijoje.

Korintinius šalmus mėgo ir kaimyninės Spartos kariai, todėl korintinius šalmus kartais vadina dorėniniais šalmais (Korinte ir Spartoje gyveno dorėnai).

Konstrukcija

Šalmas dengia visą galvą ir kaklą, veidą. Veidinėje dalyje yra plyšiai akims bei burnai. Viršugalvinė dalis apvali. Šalmo vidus būdavo išmuštas veltiniu. Manoma, kad spartiečiai vyrai augindavo ilgus plaukus tam, kad jie po šalmu amortizuotų smūgius į šalmą.

Uždara veidinė šalmo dalis labai ribojo matymo lauką, tačiau tai nebuvo reikšmingas trikdis, kadangi spartiečiai kaudavosi falangoje, kur nereikėdavo sekti, kas dedasi už nugaros ar šonuose. Ne mūšyje šalmą nustumdavo ant pakaušio, kad atsidengtų veidas.

Atlikus vieno korintinio šalmo struktūrinę analizę buvo išsiaiškinta, kad šalmas buvo lietas naudojant galvos pavidalo formą, paskui kelis kartus kaltas, kad šalmo dydis atitiktų kario užsakovo galvos dydį. Kalimas didino bronzos (turinčios 11–12 % alavo) kietumą.

Paprastai šalmas burnos srityje yra skeltas iš apačios einančiu burnos plyšiu, tai yra, veidą pridengia nuo galvos šonų į priekį einančios plačios skiautės, kurios yra tokios formos, kad veido srityje matyti T pavidalo plyšys akims, nosiai ir burnai. Tačiau šį plyšį vertikaliai tarpuakio ir nosies srityje pridengia nuo kaktos žemyn einanti antnosio juosta.

Pietų Italijoje buvusiose graikų kolonijose (VI–V a.p.m.e.) aptinkami šalmai su vientisa veido dalimi[1], [2]. Tokius šalmus kartais vadina pseudokorintiniais šalmais (angl. pseudo-Corinthian helmet). Pseudokorintinius šalmus puošdavo ragais, o ne keteromis, kaip pačioje Graikijoje.

Korintiniai šalmai kartais viršuje turėdavo strypelius, ant kurių būdavo galima pritvirtinti šalmo skiauterę.

IV a. pr. m. e. korintinius šalmus išstūmė patogesni chalkidiniai šalmai.

Nuorodos

  1. ↑ Italo-Corinthian helmet Archyvuota kopija 2007-09-30 iš Wayback Machine projekto.
  2. ↑ „Pseudo-Corinthian“ helmet, Greek, bronze, North Apulian, Classical Period, circa 450–400 B. C.


Vikiteka: Korintinis šalmas – vaizdinė ir garsinė medžiaga

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