Infekcinė mononukleozė

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Infekcinė mononukleozė

Infekcinė mononukleozė, periferinis tepinėlis, aukšta jėga rodo reauojančius limfocitus.
ICD-10B27.0
ICD-9075
LigųDB4387

Infekcinė mononukleozė (lot. mononucleosis infectiosa) – infekcinė liga, dažniausiai pasitaikanti paauglystėje. Liga pasireiškia karščiavimu, angina, raumenų skausmais ir nuovargiu. Liga turi tokį pavadinimą, kadangi jos metu baltųjų kraujo ląstelių kiekiai keičiasi. Baltosios kraujo ląstelės susidaro iš limfocitų ir monocitų. Ligos metu monocitų kiekiai išauga nuo 35 % iki 50-70 %.

Simptomai

Žmogus gali užsikrėsti virusu bet jokių požymių gali nebūti kelis mėnesius. Ligos požymiai pasirodo po 4-7 savaičių, ir dažnai yra maišomi su gripu ar peršalimu.

Tipiški infekcinės mononukleozės požymiai:

Ligos priežastys

Pagrindinis straipsnis – Epšteino–Bar virusas.

Šios ligos sukėlėjas yra Epšteino–Bar virusas. Šis virusas plinta per kraują ir seiles netgi jeigu žmogus neturi jokių ligos požymių. Užsikrečiama besibučiuojant, arba naudojantis tais pačiais stalo įrankiais.

Infekcinę mononukleozę taip pat gali sukelti citomegalo virusas (CMV).

Ligos eiga

Užsikrėtus, po 4-7 savaičių inkubacinio periodo, liga pasireiškia padidėjusia temperatūra, gerklės ir galvos skausmais, nuovargiu. Šie pirminiai požymiai, dažniausiai išnyksta po 1-2 savaičių, bet nuovargis gali išlikti iki 1-2 mėnesių.

Retais atvejais, ligos sukeltas blužnies padidėjimas sukelia jos trūkį.

Pasveikus, Epštein-Bar virusas išlieka B lastelėse netgi kai nebėra jokių ligos požymių. Šis virusas gali vėl bet kada pasirodyti ir taip užkrėsti kitus. Iš turinčiųjų virusą, apie 6 % atkrenta ir vėl patiria ligos požymius gyvenimo eigoje.

Komplikacijos

Infekcinės mononukleozės komplikacijos yra retos, bet gali sukelti burnos gleivinės uždegimą, meningoencefalitą, bei inkstų uždegimą.

Gydymas

Infekcinė mononukleozė nėra tiesiogiai gydoma. Ligos metu yra patariamas poilsis, o vaistai priskiriami tik slopinant temperatūrą ir skausmą. Tokiu atveju naudojamas acetaminofenas. Nors retai, bet susidarius oro takų obstrukcijai, yra naudojami gliukokortikoidai.

Ligos paplitimas

Yra paskaičiuota, kad 90-95 % pasaulio žmonių turi Epštein-Bar viruso antikūnių. Po infekcijos, šie antikūniai yra gaminami kūno visą likusį gyvenimą.

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