Iljušin Il-2

Il-2
Sovietų Il-2M
Tipas šturmo lėktuvas
Gamintojas Iljušin
Kūrėjas Sergejus Iljušinas
Pirmas skrydis 1939 m. gruodžio 30 d.
Pradėtas naudoti 1941 m.
Baigtas naudoti 1954 m. (Jugoslavijoje ir Bulgarijoje)
Būsena nenaudojamas
Pagrindiniai naudotojai Sovietų Sąjunga Sovietų oro pajėgos
Lenkija Lenkijos oro pajėgos
Čekoslovakija Čekoslovakijos oro pajėgos
Mongolijos oro pajėgos
Bulgarijos oro pajėgos
Vengrijos oro pajėgos
Jugoslavijos oro pajėgos
Pagaminta vnt. 36 183
Prototipas CKB-55

Iljušin Il-2 (rus. Ил-2) – antro pasaulinio karo šturmo lėktuvas, gamintas Tarybų Sąjungoje. Skaičiuojant kartu su jo įpėdiniu IL-10, bendrai buvo pagaminta 36 163 vienetai. Manoma, kad jis buvo vienas masiškiausiai gamintų lėktuvų modelių visoje aviacijos istorijoje.[1]

Kūrimas

Idėja sukurti tarybinį šarvuotą šturmo lėktuvą kilo dar XX a. ketvirto dešimtmečio pradžioje, kuomet Dmitrijus Pavlovičius Grigorovičius suprojektavo TŠ-1 ir TŠ-2 šarvuotus biplanus. Vis dėlto to meto tarybiniams varikliams trūko galios, jie negalėjo sunkiems lėktuvams užtikrinti geras skrydžio charakteristikas. Il-2 1938 metais suprojektavo Sergejus Iljušinas kartu su savo komanda iš centrinio projektavimo biuro.

Modifikacijos

  • CKB-55 – dvivietis prototipas
  • BŠ-2 – prototipo CKB-55 pavadinimas oro pajėgose
  • CKB-57 – vienvietis prototipas
  • Il-2 – vienvietis serijinis modelis, AM-38 variklis
  • Il-2M – dvivietis serijinis modelis, 20 mm ŠVAK patrankos pakeistos 23 mm Volkov-Jarcev VJa-23 patrankomis, patobulintas AM-38F variklis
  • Il-2M3 arba Il-2 Type 3 – nuimti užsparniai, labiau padidintas AM-38F variklis
  • Il-2 Type 3M – 37 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-37 patrankos vietoje 23 mm VJa patrankų
  • Il-2T – torpednešio versija skirta karo laivynui ir ginkluota viena 533 mm torpeda, didžiausias paskandintas laivas buvo apie 6000 t talpos
  • Il-2U – mokomoji versija, taip pat žinoma kaip U-Il-2
  • Il-2I – šarvuotas naikintuvas. Tik prototipas

Gamyba

Il-2 su Lenkijos atributika
Gamykla 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 Viso
№1 (Maskva) 2 2
№ 1 (Kuibyševas) 3 2991 4257 3719 957 11927
№ 18 (Voronežas) 1481 1481
№ 18 (Kuibyševas) 29 3942 4702 4014* 931 13618
№ 30 (Maskva) — 1053 2234 3377 2201 8865
№ 381 (Nižnij Tagilas) 27 243 270
Viso 1542 8229 11193 11110 4089 36163

Literatūra

  • Donald D., Lake J. (eds.) (1996) Encyclopedia of world military aircraft. AIRtime Publishing. ISBN 1-880588-24-2
  • Шавров В.Б. (1994) История конструкций самолетов в СССР 1938-1950 гг. (3 изд.). Машиностроение (Shavrov V.B. (1994) Istoriia konstruktskii samoletov v SSSR, 1938-1950 gg. (3rd ed.). Mashinostroenie. ISBN 5-217-00477-0) (History of aircraf design in USSR: 1938-1950)
  • Liss, W. (1968) Aircraft profile 88: Ilyushin Il-2.

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Varžovas – civilinis lėktuvas Cessna Skyhawk, kurių pagaminta virš 37 tūkst.Discovery Channel website Archyvuota kopija 2007-03-12 iš Wayback Machine projekto.


Vikiteka: Iljušin Il-2 – vaizdinė ir garsinė medžiaga

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