Gruntinis vanduo

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Gruntinis vanduo – požeminis vanduo, susikaupęs vandeningose uolienose virš pirmo vandeniui nelaidaus uolienų sluoksnio (vandensparos).

Turi laisvą (nespūdinį) paviršių. Susidaro iš įsigeriančių atmosferinių ir paviršinių vandenų, kartais pasipildo iš gilesnių horizontų kylančiais vandenimis. Gruntinio vandens maitinimo sritis paprastai sutampa su jų paplitimo sritimi. Jų lygis, temperatūra, cheminė sudėtis priklauso nuo fizinių geografinių faktorių. Prie upių, ežerų esantiems gruntiniams vandenims turi įtakos tų baseinų hidrogeologinis režimas. Gruntinio vandens nuotėkis apytikriai sutampa su įsifiltravusio nuo žemės paviršiaus vandens kiekiu. Drėgno klimato zonose, kur garavimas didesnis už infiltraciją, gruntinis vanduo yra mineralizuotas. Gruntiniai vandenys naudojami gyvenviečių, pramoninių įmonių vandens tiekimui. Didžiausi Lietuvoje gruntinio vandens ištekliai yra aliuvinėse ir fliuvioglacialinėse nuosėdose.

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