Fakultetas

Vilniaus universiteto Chemijos ir geomokslų fakulteto Geomokslų instituto pastatas (M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, Vilniuje)
Vilniaus universiteto Fizikos fakulteto pastatas (Saulėtekio al. 9, III rūmai, Vilniuje)

Fakultetas (gali būti vadinamas ir mokykla, institutu, centru, akademija) – universiteto padalinys, sudarantis kaip ir atskirą aukštąją mokyklą, kur dėstoma nustatyti mokslai.[1]

Istorija

Tradiciniais fakultetais laikomi teologijos, filosofijos, teisės ir medicinos fakultetai.[1] Tai kilę iš viduramžių universitetų, kai buvo reikalingi trijų rūšių profesionalai – kunigai, teisininkai ir gydytojai – ruošiami, atitinkamai, teologijos, teisės ir medicinos fakultetų.[1] Tuo tarpu filosofijos fakultetas, kuriame buvo dėstomi septyni laisvieji menai, buvo skirtas bendram paruošimui studijoms kituose fakultetuose.[1]

Renesanso laikotarpiu filosofijos fakultete imta dėstyti klasikinės literatūros.[1] Vėliau dalis jo funkcijų (paruošimas tolesnėms studijoms) perėjo vidurinėms mokykloms, ir filosofijos fakultetas tapo lygiaverčiu kitiems, likdamas nespecializuotu.[1] Dar vėliau jis buvo padalintas į du skyrius (pavyzdžiui, Rusijos imperijoje tai padaryta 1804 ir 1835 m. statutais), vėliau – ir į du fakultetus (pavyzdžiui, Rusijos imperijoje – į istorijos-filologijos (rus. историко-филологический факультет) ir fizikos–matematikos (rus. физико-математический факультет), Prancūzijoje – į humanitarinių mokslų (pranc. faculté de lettres) ir mokslų (pranc. faculté des sciences)).[1] Toks skaidymas tęsėsi ir toliau.[1]

Nauda

Manoma, kad skirtingų fakultetų buvimas viename universitete padeda mokytis vieniems iš kitų, dalintis idėjomis.[1] Studentai gali klausyti paskaitų ir svetimuose fakultetuose.[1] Be to, tai leidžia bendrai naudoti brangią įrangą, bibliotekas.[1]

Išnašos

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 „Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона“, т. XXXV (1902): Усинский пограничный округ — Фенол, „Факультеты“, с. 246—258 s:ru:ЭСБЕ/Факультеты

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