Bolcmano konstanta

Bolcmano konstanta (k arba kB) – fizikinė konstanta, susiejanti temperatūrą ir energiją, kurios reikšmė yra 1,380649×10−23 J⋅K−1.[1]

Ji pavadinta vardu žymaus austrų fiziko Liudvigo Bolcmano, įnešusio žymų indėlį į statistinę mechaniką.

k vertės Matavimo vienetai Komentaras
1.380 6504(24)×10−23 J/K SI, 2002 CODATA
8.617 343(15)×10−5 eV/K

Makroskopinės ir mikroskopinės charakteristikos

Bolcmano konstanta sieja makroskopines ir mikroskopines medžiagos charakteristikas. Makroskopiškai idealiųjų dujų dėsnis teigia, kad idealiųjų dujų slėgio ir tūrio sandauga yra proporcinga medžiagos kiekio ir absoliučiosios temperatūros sandaugai.

,

kur

(=8,314 472  J·K−1·mol−1) yra vadinamoji dujų konstanta (arba universalioji dujų konstanta).

Įvedus pažymėjimą medžiagos kiekiui n=N/NA, kur NA=6,0221367×1023 mol−1 yra Avogadro konstanta, pereinama prie mikroskopinių – molekulių/atomų charakteristikų:

.

Čia N yra molekulių skaičius dujose, o k – Bolcmano konstanta ir .

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Newell, David B.; Tiesinga, Eite (2019). The International System of Units (SI). NIST Special Publication 330. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi:10.6028/nist.sp.330-2019. S2CID 242934226.

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