Penna

Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Penna (discretiva).
Variae pennae.
Pennae duae buteonis speciei Buteonis buteo.

Penna est pars epidermidis quae cum multis aliis rebus sui generis plumam, distinctum tegmen exterius, in avibus exstinctisque dinosauriorum speciebus format. Pennae multiplices integumentarii structuras in vertebratis inventas[1][2] atque insignissimum multiplicis novitatis evolutionariae exemplum habentur.[3] Pennae inter proprietates sunt quibus aves exstantes ab aliis gregibus vivis distinguuntur.[4]

Plumologia, vel scientia plumarum, est scientia quae pennas investigat.[5][6]

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ Prum, Richard O. & A. H. Brush (2002). "The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers". The Quarterly Review of Biology 77 (3): 261–295 .
  2. ↑ Prum, R. O.; Brush, A. H (March 2003). "Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?". Scientific American 288 (3): 84–93 .
  3. ↑ Prum, Richard O. (1999). "Development and Evolutionary Origin of Feathers". Journal of Experimental Zoology (Molecular and Developmental Evolution) 285 (4): 291–306 .
  4. ↑ Li, Quanguo (9 Martii 2012), "Reconstruction of Microraptor and the Evolution of Iridescent Plumage", Science 335: 1215–1219 .
  5. ↑ Galapagos plumology. . darwinfoundation.org (Charles Darwin Collections Database by the Charles Darwin Foundation) .
  6. ↑ Eichhorn, hrsg. von Manfred (2005). Langenscheidt Fachwörterbuch Biologie Englisch: englisch - deutsch, deutsch - englisch (1. Aufl. ed.). Berlin [u.a.]: Langenscheidt. p. 537. ISBN 3861172283 .

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad pennas spectant.