Historia Antarcticae ex veteribus fabulis doctrinisque Occidentalibus de continente vasta oritur, qua.ms eruditi terram australem appellabant, et in extremis orbis terrarum regionibus australibus exsistere putabant. Vocabulum Antarctica, ad rem contra circulum arcticum attingens, a Marino Tyrio saeculo secundo excogitatm est. Transitus Promontorii Bonae Spei et Hornani Capitis saeculis quinto decimo et sexto decimo confirmabant terram australem incognitam (ut appellabatur) si revera exstaret, esse continentem veram. Iacobus Cook et sui anno 1773 circulum Antarcticum primum transierunt, sed, quamquam insulas proximas invenerunt, Antarcticam ipsam non conspexerunt; qui solum 240 km a continente fuisse putantur.

Expeditio Russica, Thaddaeus Bellingshausen et Michaele Lazarev ducibus, die 27 Ianuarii 1820 suggestum glacialem in litore principissae Marthae invenit, qui deinde Suggestus Glacialis Fimbul appellari coepit. Bellingshausen et Lazarev erant primi exploratores qui viderunt et rite invenerunt terram continentis Antarcticae. Tres dies post, die 30 Ianuarii 1820, expeditio Britannica, Eduardo Bransfield Hiberno duce, Paeninsulam Trinitatis conspexit, et decem menses post, Nathaniel Palmer pinnipedista Americanus Antarcticam die 17 Novembris 1820 conspexit. Primus litorum appulsus ut videtur uno anno post factus est, cum Ioannes Davis, capitaneus et pinnipedista Americanus, pedem in glacie poneret.

Nonnullae expeditiones polum australem attingere saeculo primo conatae sunt, per conatus heroicum explorationis Antarcticae aevum a rerum gestarum scriptoribus appellatos. Exitus autem multarum erat iniuria et mors. Rodoaldus Amundsen Norvegicus polum ad ultimum attigit die 13 Decembris 1911, post certamen cursus animum moventem cum Roberto Falcon Scott Britannico.

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