Axon

Schema neuroni - axon est pars flammea picta

Axon[1][2][3][4] (-onis, m. [5][2]; -onos, m. [1]) sive axonum[4] (n. [4]) (Graece ὁ ἄξων, áxon quod Latine axis sonat) est pars cellularum nervalium, inter perikaryon (soma) et synapses interposita. Axon est, ut dentrita, protrusio cytoplasmatis cellulae nervalis, quae signa transmittit. Longitudines eius inter cellulas corporis nervales diversi sunt: Corticis cerebralis interneuronis axona brevia sunt, ac neuronis tractus pyramidalis longissima.

Procreatio et axonorum crescentia

Generatio axonorum momentum maximum procreatione systematis nervosi ineunte habet. Elongatio eius conu crescente, proteinis actini onerato ita microfilamenta formantibus, fit. Auxilio factoribus neurotrophicis biochemico directio crescentium axonorum, atque tempus gubernantur.

Classificationes axonum

Classificatines axonum ordini motoria — sensoria — autonomica sequuntur.

Axona motoria

Typi fibrarum motoriarum
Typus Classificatio sec.
Erlanger et Gasser		 Diameter
(µm)		 Myelinum Conductionis
velocitas (m/s)		 Sociatae fibrae musculares
Neuron motorium alpha (α) Aα 13-20 Ita 80–120 Fibrae musculares extrafusales
Neuron motorium beta (β) Aβ
Neuron motorium gamma (γ) Aγ 5-8 Ita 4–24[6][7] Fibrae musculares intrafusales

Axona sensoria

Typi fibrarum sensoriarum
Typus Classificatio sec.
Erlanger et Gasser		 Diameter
(µm)		 Myelinum Conductionis
velocitas (m/s)		 Sociata receptoria sensoria Proprioceptoria Mechanoceptoria Nociceptoria et
thermoreceptoria
Ia Aα 13-20 Ita 80–120 Receptoria primaria fusorum muscularium (terminales anulospirales) ✔
Ib Aα 13-20 Ita 80–120 Organum tendinis Golgianum
II Aβ 6-12 Ita 33–75 Receptoria secundaria fusorum muscularium (germinales florales, organum Ruffinianum),
omnia mechanoreceptoria cutanea		 ✔
III Aδ 1-5 Tenue 3–30 Terminalia nervosa libera tactionis et pressus.
Nociceptoria tractus spinothalamici lateralis,
receptoria frigoris		 ✔
IV C 0.2-1.5 Abest 0.5-2.0 Nociceptoria tractus spinothalamici anterioris,
receptoria teporis

Axona autonomica

Fibrarum typi autonomicarum
Typus Classificatio sec.
Erlanger et Gasser		 Diameter
(µm)		 Myelinum Conductionis
velocitas (m/s)
Fibrae praeganglionares B 1–5 Ita 3–15
Fibrae postganglionares C 0.2–1.5 Abest 0.5–2.0

Notae

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Donáth, T. & Crawford, G.C.N. (1969). Anatomical dictionary with nomenclature and explanatory notes. Oxoniae/Londinii/Edinburgi/Novi Eboraci/Toronti/Sidneii/Lutetiae/Brunsvici: Pergamon Press.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch. Serdicae: Editio medicina et physcultura.
  3. ↑ International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (1994). Nomina Histologica. Turici/Ithacae/Novi Eboraci.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) (2005). Terminologia Histologica. International terms for human cytology and histology. Philadelphiae/Baltimorae/Novi Eboraci/Londinii/Boni Aëris/Hongcongi/Sidneii/Tokii: Wolter Kluwers-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  5. ↑ Freund, W. (1844/45). Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch. Bratislaviae: Georg Philipp Aderholz.
  6. ↑ Andrew B. L., Part N. J. (Apr 1972). "Properties of fast and slow motor units in hind limb and tail muscles of the rat". Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences 57 (2): 213–25 
  7. ↑ Russell N. J. (Ian 1980). "Axonal conduction velocity changes following muscle tenotomy or deafferentation during development in the rat". The journal of physiology 298: 347–60 

Nexus interni

stipula

Haec stipula ad biologiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!