Aequatio massae et energiae

-2 Latinitas huius rei dubia est. Corrige si potes. Vide {{latinitas}}.
Energia, massa, celeritas lucis

E=mc2 est aequatio praeclara scientiae physicae quae relationem dat inter massam m et energiam E, extera energia potentiali exclusa. In formula, celeritas lucis in vacuo prima littera c verbi Latini celeritas denotatur.

Significationes aequationis

Physicus Franciscus Wilczek distinguit tres leges:

  • prima lex dicit , formam qua primitus Einstein legem scripsit, significans energia corporis efficit massam eius;
  • secunda lex dicit , quae lex dicit corpus massae m continet in se energiam E;
  • tertia lex dicit , quae dicit energiam et massam idem sunt.

Implicata

Einstein relativitatem specialem excogitans, hanc aequationem monstravit energiam totalem (cineticam et inertem) necessario hanc formam habere ut motus conservetur in quattuor dimensionibus. Haec formula cum adamussim experimentis confirmata sit, theoriam Einsteinianam confirmat.

Maximus autem proventus huius aequationis est energia atomica, ubi mutatio massae quae reactionem nuclearem sequitur energiam solvit, utilem ad electricitatem generandam. Alterum exemplum energiae atomicae est bomba atomica, qua explosio magna creetur per reactionem nuclearem energiam celeriter solvens.

Per hanc formulam unum chiliogramma potest transmittere toto in:

Pergravis est notare rarissimum esse massam in energiam puram converti. Speculatur perfectam conversionem fieri quando materia antimateriá confligat. Usitate autem minor materia in energiam puram (h.e. in energiam electromagneticam vel caloricam) convertitur, quia res alterae sicut particulae massivae producuntur.

Aequatio iuxta definitiones litterae m

Modus quo formula ad corpora moventia applicet dependet a definitione massae m adhibita. Cum massa relativistica utimur m, hac in formula E est energia totalis particulae: summa energiae cineticae et energiae inertis eius; et massa m est massa totalis: summa massae inertis et cineticae. Cum autem massa inerte utimur m, energia E hac in formula sola dat energiam inertem.

Haec differentia maximi momenti est cum particula caret massa inerti. Photona exempli gratia habent zerum massae inertis , ergo zerum energiae inertis. Verumtamen energiam E totalis habent supra zerum, quae sola cinetica est.

Massa relativistica

Principalia symbola Einsteiniana [1] usa sunt massá relativisticá m, quae calculatur a massa inerti m0 (h.e. corporis massa e perspectiva ubi corpus iners sit) per formulam

Sic definiendo obtinemus aequationem in forma simplice .

Massa iners

Massá autem relativisticá infrequente utuntur hodie physici, qui inertem massam denotant m, ut E=mc2 sit iners energia corporis, nec energia totalis. Formula hoc sensu admussim pertinet solum ad energiam inertem, corporibus non euntibus. Formula generalis quae spectat ad corpora euntia est:

ubi est motus corporis. Haec formula ad reducitur, solum cum .

Parvae energiae approximatio

Quod energia iners est moc², et energia tota est energia cinetica plus energia iners, energia relativistica cinetica datur ab

Cum velocitates parvae respectu c habeantur, haec formula cum formula classica energiae cineticae

.

congruendum est. Expandendo enim modo serie Taylori,

.

obtinemus cum

,

Habemus igitur, cum , relativisticam energiae formulam , quae cum formula ab Newtono excogitata congruit. Incongruentia cum formulis classicis accidit modo cum velocitates habeantur magnas respectu velocitati lucis.

Einstein et annus mirabilis

Albertus Einstein usque annum 1905 inscitus, hoc anno tria principia protulit. Primum fuit Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt (sc. Latine "De perspectiva heuristica circa productionem et transformationem lucis"), ubi Einstein proposuit lucis quanta (vide physicam quanticam) quasi particulas exsistere, demonstravitque quo modo explicarent phenomena effectus photoelectrici. Secundum symbolum Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen ("De motu particulae parvae in fluido statario suspensae quem theoria cinetica calorica molecularis requirit"), de motu Browniano, dat indicium atomorum. Tertium Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper ("De corporum moventium electrodynamica") proposuit theoriam relativitatis specialis. Quartum inclytum, Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig ("Pendetne inertia corporis in sua energia?"), introduxit aequationem . Annus 1905 vocatur annus mirabilis quia antea Einstein non inclytus esset, nec physicus, sed scriba laborans in officina ministerii Helvetici ad diplomata inventionis dicatus.

Notae

Nexus externi

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Haec pagina fuit Translatio Hebdomadalis.


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