제5차 정당제

미국
제5차 정당제

← 제4차
1932년 ~ 1960년
제6차 →

1932년부터 1960년까지의 미국 대통령 선거 결과. 이 시기 동안 푸른색인 주들은 주로 민주당을, 붉은색인 주들은 주로 공화당을 지지했다.
연속 기획:
미국의 정치 시대

정당제 시기



같이 보기




v  d  e  h

제5차 정당제(영어: Fifth Party System), 흔히 뉴딜 정당제(영어: New Deal Party System)라고 불리는 이 체제는 1932년 프랭클린 D. 루스벨트대통령으로 선출되면서 시작된 미국 정치사의 시대이다. 이 체제의 시작을 알린 루스벨트는 많은 인기를 얻은 뉴딜 정책을 시행하면서 연방 정부의 규모와 권한을 전례 없는 수준으로 확대했고, 이 시기부터 1952년까지 유지된 민주당의 정치적 지배 시기가 이어졌다. 이 체제를 거치면서 민주당과 공화당의 이념과 사상이 현대적으로 변하기 시작했다. 이러한 변화는 이전까지 공화당에게 투표하던 흑인들이 민주당에 투표하기 시작한 것과 민주당에 투표하던 보수적인 백인들이 공화당에 투표하기 시작한 것 등으로 나타났다. 이는 민주당이 민권 운동을 이념적으로 받아들이면서 시작되었고, 이러한 추세는 1960년대에 들어 더욱 가속화되었다.[1] 이 시기는 사회적으로 진보 시대와 같은 시기인 제4차 정당제 이후 시작되어 제6차 정당제 시기가 확립되면서 마무리되었다.

제5차 정당제 시기 동안 민주당이 40여 년간 백악관을 장악할 수 있도록 만든 뉴딜 연합은 러스트 벨트와 서부 해안의 진보 세력과 서부와 선 벨트의 사회주의 세력이 민주당으로 재편되면서 만들어졌다. 1932년과 1936년 대통령 선거 이후 민주당은 이 두 세력을 재편하면서 처음으로 북부에 진출할 수 있었고, 서부와 중부 등의 남부가 아닌 지역에도 진출할 수 있었다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. Kersh, Rogan; Morone, James (2019). “By the People: Debating American Government”. 《Oxford Handbooks Online》: 406 (of 823). 

같이 읽기

  • Allswang, John M. New Deal and American Politics (1978), statistical analysis of votes
  • Andersen, Kristi. The Creation of a Democratic Majority, 1928–1936 (1979), statistical analysis of polls
  • Bibby, John F. "Party Organizations, 1946–1996", in Byron E. Shafer, ed. Partisan Approaches to Postwar American Politics, (1998)
  • Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds. Public Opinion, 1935–1946 (1951). (A massive compilation of public opinion polls; online.)
  • Caraley, Demetrios James, "Three Trends Over Eight Presidential Elections, 1980–2008: Toward the Emergence of a Democratic Majority Realignment?", Political Science Quarterly, 124 (Fall 2009), 423–42
  • Fraser, Steve, and Gary Gerstle, eds. The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980 (1990); essays on broad topics.
  • Gallup, George. The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1935–1971 (3 vol 1972)
  • Geer, John G. "New Deal Issues and the American Electorate, 1952–1988", Political Behavior, 14#1 (March 1992), pp. 45–65 JSTOR 586295.
  • Gershtenson, Joseph. "Mobilization Strategies of the Democrats and Republicans, 1956–2000", Political Research Quarterly Vol. 56, No. 3 (Sep. 2003), pp. 293–308. JSTOR 3219790.
  • Green, John C. and Paul S. Herrnson. "Party Development in the Twentieth Century: Laying the Foundations for Responsible Party Government?" (2000)
  • Hamby, Alonzo. Liberalism and Its Challengers: From F.D.R. to Bush (1992).
  • Jensen, Richard. "The Last Party System: Decay of Consensus, 1932–1980", in The Evolution of American Electoral Systems (Paul Kleppner et al. eds.) (1981) pp. 219–225.
  • Kazin, Michael. What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party (2022)excerpt
  • Ladd, Everett Carll Jr., with Charles D. Hadley. Transformations of the American Party System: Political Coalitions from the New Deal to the 1970s 2nd ed. (1978).
  • Leuchtenburg, William E. In the Shadow of FDR: From Harry Truman to George W. Bush (2001)
  • Levine, Jeffrey; Carmines, Edward G.; and Huckfeldt, Robert. "The Rise of Ideology in the Post-New Deal Party System, 1972–1992". American Politics Quarterly (1997) 25(1): 19–34. ISSN 0044-7803. Argues that the social basis of the New Deal party system has weakened. The result is ideology shapes partisan support.
  • Manza, Jeff and Clem Brooks; Social Cleavages and Political Change: Voter Alignments and U.S. Party Coalitions. Oxford University Press, 1999.
  • Manza, Jeff; "Political Sociological Models of the U.S. New Deal". Annual Review of Sociology, 2000. pp. 297+
  • Milkis, Sidney M. and Jerome M. Mileur, eds. The New Deal and the Triumph of Liberalism (2002)
  • Milkis, Sidney M. The President and the Parties: The Transformation of the American Party System Since the New Deal (1993)
  • Murphy, Paul L. ed. "The New Deal Realignment and the Fifth-Party System, 1928-1948" in Paul L. Murphy, ed., Political Parties in American History: 1890-present (vol 3. 1974) pp. 1109-1246.
  • Paulson, Arthur. Electoral Realignment and the Outlook for American Democracy (2006)
  • Pederson, William D. ed. A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt (Blackwell Companions to American History) (2011)
  • Riccards, Michael P., and Cheryl A. Flagg eds. Party Politics in the Age of Roosevelt: The Making of Modern America (2022) excerpt
  • Robinson, Edgar Eugene. They Voted for Roosevelt: The Presidential Vote, 1932–1944 (1947). Statistical tables of votes by county.
  • Schlesinger, Arthur Jr., ed. History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2008 (2011). 3 vol and 11 vol editions; detailed analysis of each election, with primary documents; online v. 1. 1789–1824 – v. 2. 1824–1844 – v. 3. 1848–1868 – v. 4. 1872–1888 – v. 5. 1892–1908 – v. 6. 1912–1924 – v. 7. 1928–1940 – v. 8. 1944–1956 – v. 9. 1960–1968 – v. 10. 1972–1984 – v. 11. 1988–001
  • Shafer, Byron E. and Anthony J. Badger, eds. Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000 (2001)
  • Sternsher, Bernard. "The New Deal Party System: A Reappraisal". Journal of Interdisciplinary History v.15#1 (Summer 1984), pp. 53–81. JSTOR 203594.
  • Sternsher, Bernard. "The Emergence of the New Deal Party System: A Problem in Historical Analysis of Voter Behavior". Journal of Interdisciplinary History, v.6#1 (Summer 1975), pp. 127–49. JSTOR 202828.
  • Sitkoff, Harvard. "Harry Truman and the Election of 1948: The Coming of Age of Civil Rights in American Politics". Journal of Southern History Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov. 1971), pp. 597–616 JSTOR 2206548.
  • Sundquist, James L. Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Realignment of Political Parties in the United States, (1983)

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