산소 음이온 구멍

세린 단백질가수분해효소(검은색)의 산소 음이온 구멍은 효소의 백본 아마이드(파란색)의 수소 결합을 사용하여 기질(빨간색)의 전이 상태에서 음전하의 축적을 안정화시킨다.

산소 음이온 구멍(영어: oxyanion hole)은 탈양성자화된 산소 또는 알콕사이드에서 전이 상태의 음전하를 안정화시키는 효소의 활성 부위에 존재하는 포켓이다.[1] 포켓은 일반적으로 백본 아마이드 또는 양전자를 띤 잔기들로 구성된다. 전이 상태를 안정화시키면 반응에 필요한 활성화 에너지가 낮아져서 촉매작용이 촉진된다.[2] 예를 들어 키모트립신과 같은 단백질가수분해효소는 산소 음이온 구멍을 가지고 있으며 단백질 분해 중에 형성된 사면체의 중간생성물 음이온을 안정화시키며 기질의 음전하 산소를 물 분자로부터 보호한다.[3] 또한 구멍을 차지할 수 없는 경우(예: 헤모글로빈의 2,3-비스포스포글리세르산) 입체 장애가 발생할 수 있는 기질의 삽입 또는 위치 지정을 허용할 수 있다. 다단계 반응을 촉매하는 효소는 반응에서 서로 다른 전이 상태를 안정화시키는 다중 산소 음이온 구멍을 가질 수 있다.[4]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL (2002). 〈9 Catalytic Strategies〉. 《Biochemistry》 5판. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-4955-4. 
  2. ↑ Simón, Luis; Goodman, Jonathan M. (2010년 3월 19일). “Enzyme Catalysis by Hydrogen Bonds: The Balance between Transition State Binding and Substrate Binding in Oxyanion Holes”. 《The Journal of Organic Chemistry》 75 (6): 1831–1840. doi:10.1021/jo901503d. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 20039621. 
  3. ↑ Ménard, Robert; Storer, Andrew C. (1992). “Oxyanion Hole Interactions in Serine and Cysteine Proteases”. 《Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler》 373 (2): 393–400. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1992.373.2.393. PMID 1387535. 
  4. ↑ Kursula, Petri; Ojala, Juha; Lambeir, Anne-Marie; Wierenga, Rik K. (2002년 12월 1일). “The Catalytic Cycle of Biosynthetic Thiolase: A Conformational Journey of an Acetyl Group through Four Binding Modes and Two Oxyanion Holes‡”. 《Biochemistry》 41 (52): 15543–15556. doi:10.1021/bi0266232. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 12501183. 

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