로터리 엔진

방켈 엔진.
방켈 엔진

로터리 엔진(영어: rotary engine)은 피스톤의 왕복 운동을 회전 운동으로 바꾸는 대신 연소가스의 폭발에 의해 피스톤을 직접 회전시키는 기관이다. 실용화되고 있는 것은 독일의 반켈이 1959년에 발명한 것이다.[1]

구조

왕복운동기관의 실린더에 해당하는 로터하우징(rotorhousing)의 내면은 단면이 에피트로코이드(epitrochoid)곡선이라고 불리는 형상을 하고 있다. 이 가운데에 피스톤에 해당하는 3각형 모양의 로터(rotor)가 있으며, 로터와 하우징벽 사이에 3개의 공간이 구성되었고, 이들 공간은 로터의 회전에 따라서 회전방향으로 주기적으로 용적을 변화시키면서 회전한다. 흡기공, 배기공, 스파크플러그가 있으며, 밸브는 없다.[1]

흡입·압축·폭발팽창·배기의 4행정을 독립하여 순차로 행한다. 로터가 1회전하는 동안에 각 행정이 3회씩 행해지며, 이 동안에 중심의 동력축은 3회전하게 돼 있으므로 동력축의 1회전에 대해 1회의 폭발 팽창행정이 있게 된다. 그러므로, 로터리 엔진은 왕복기관의 2사이클기관에 해당한다고도 할 수 있다.[1]

로터리 엔진의 역사는 아직 깊지 못하며, 특히 가스가 새는 것을 막기 위한 로터 정부(頂部)와 하우징과의 기밀(氣密) 유지에 커다란 노력이 기울어졌다. 또 연소가 하우징의 한쪽편에서만 행해지기 때문에 열응력(熱應力)의 불균형이 파생되므로 냉각·윤활 등의 문제도 중요하다.[1]

마쓰다에서 대부분의 스포츠카에 이 엔진을 적용했으나, 2012년 RX-8이 단종되면서 양산차에 장착되는 로터리 엔진의 명맥이 끊기게 됐다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ 가 나 다 라 로터리 엔진, 《글로벌 세계 대백과》

참고 자료

이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 "로터리 엔진" 항목을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.

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