경험적 누적 분포 함수

확률론통계학에서 경험적 (누적) 분포 함수(經驗的累積分布函數, 영어: empirical (cumulative) distribution function) 또는 표본 (누적) 분포 함수(標本累積分布函數, 영어: sample (cumulative) distribution function)는 반복된 시행을 통해 확률 변수가 일정 값을 넘지 않을 확률을 유추하는 함수이다. 글리벤코-칸텔리 정리(영어: Glivenko–Cantelli theorem)에 따르면, 독립 동일 분포 확률 변수의 열의 경험적 누적 분포 함수는 거의 확실하게 실제 누적 분포 함수균등 수렴한다.

정의

확률 공간 위의 개의 동일 분포 확률 변수

경험적 누적 분포 함수는 다음과 같다.

성질

점근적 성질

확률 공간 위의 독립 동일 분포 확률 변수의 열

이 주어졌다고 하자. 또한, 가 공통의 (우연속) 누적 분포 함수라고 하고, 의 경험적 누적 분포 함수라고 하자. 글리벤코-칸텔리 정리에 따르면, 다음이 성립한다.[1][2]

즉, 거의 확실하게 균등 수렴한다.

증명:

큰 수의 강법칙에 따라, 임의의 에 대하여,

는 각각 거의 확실하게 로 수렴한다.

이제, 각 에 대하여,

라고 하자. 그렇다면 거의 모든 에 대하여,

가 존재한다. 따라서, 각 에 대하여, 다음이 성립한다.

즉, 거의 확실하게

이다.

역사

글리벤코-칸텔리 정리는 발레리 이바노비치 글리벤코(러시아어: Вале́рий Ива́нович Гливе́нко)와 프란체스코 파올로 칸텔리(이탈리아어: Francesco Paolo Cantelli)의 이름을 땄다.

같이 보기

참고 문헌

  1. Tucker, Howard G. (1959년 9월). “A Generalization of the Glivenko-Cantelli Theorem”. 《The Annals of Mathematical Statistics》 (영어) 30 (3): 828–830. ISSN 0003-4851. JSTOR 2237422. 
  2. Durrett, Rick (2019). 《Probability: Theory and Examples》 (PDF). Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics (영어) 5판. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108591034. ISBN 978-1-108-47368-2. 

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