가상일

고전역학에서 가상일(假想-, virtual work)은 에 가해진 과 계의 가상 변위의 곱이다. 달랑베르의 원리와 그 특수한 경우인 가상일의 원리에 쓰인다.

정의

위치가 인 입자들로 이루어지고, 구속

,

을 받는 역학계의 각 입자에 이 각각 가해진다고 하자. 구속 조건을 만족하는 가상 변위 에 대한 가상일 는 다음과 같다.

.

즉, 만약 계가 실제로 가상 변위의 방향으로 움직였다면 계에 가해진 힘들이 했을 총 이다.

가상일의 원리

가상일의 원리(principle of virtual work)는 정역학에서 계가 정적이여야 할 조건의 하나다. 이에 따르면, 계가 정적이려면 모든 가상변위에 대한 가상일이 0이어야한다. 구속력은 가상일을 할 수 없다.

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