차등 최소 초대칭 표준 모형

차등 최소 초대칭 표준 모형(次等最小超對稱標準模型, 영어: next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, NMSSM)은 최소 초대칭 표준 모형에서 뮤 항을 제외시키고, 표준 모형 군의 전하를 가지고 있지 않은 중성 마당을 도입하여 뮤 항을 동역학적으로 설명하는 이론이다. 좁은 의미에서는 이 중성 마당 자신만의 재규격화가능한 상호작용(self-interaction)을 가지는 소위 -최소 초대칭 표준 모형을 간단히 차등 최소 초대칭 표준 모형이라 부른다[1].

이론

최소 초대칭 표준 모형에서 초포텐셜의 뮤 항은 다음과 같은 꼴이다

여기에서 는 각각 u쿼크d쿼크의 질량을 주는 힉스 초마당이다. 이는 뮤 문제를 가지고 있다. 즉, 전약력 깨짐을 위해서는 W보쏜의 질량과 비슷한 크기여야 하는데, 최소 초대칭 표준 모형이 플랑크 크기에 이르기까지 유효한 이론이라면, 플랑크 질량보다 훨씬 작기 때문이다. 이를 해결하기 위해 표준 모형 군의 전하를 가지고 있지 않은 중성 마당 S를 도입하여 뮤 항 대신

을 도입하며, 자발 대칭 깨짐 등을 통해 동역학적으로 S의 진공 기댓값이 우리가 관측하는 전약력 크기의 값을 준다고 설명한다. 보통, 초대칭 깨짐의 크기가 전약력 크기와 비슷하므로, 초대칭 깨짐 항을 고려하여 운동 방정식을 구해보면 S진공 기댓값이 전약력과 비슷하다는 것을 보일 수 있다.

골드스톤 보손과 구역 벽(domain wall)

여기에서 S에 대한 상호작용이 앞서 본 하나의 항밖에 없다면, U(1) 대칭성을 가지며 흔히 페체이-퀸 대칭이라 부르는 것과 같다. 따라서 S진공 기댓값을 가져 U(1) 대칭을 깨게 되면, 골드스톤 정리에 의해 질량이 없는 골드스톤 보손이 있어야 하지만, 질량이 없는 보존은 관측된 바 없다. 따라서 이를 피하기 위해

  1. 새로운 상호작용 을 초포텐셜에 더하거나
  2. 새로운 U(1)이 게이지 상호작용을 매개하면, 대칭 깨짐을 통해 골드스톤 보손이 U(1)에 흡수되어 질량을 갖도록 한다.

첫 번째 해결책을 좁은 의미의 차등 최소 초대칭 표준 모형이라 부른다. 이 경우, U(1) 대칭은 대놓고(explicit) 깨지지만, 대칭이 여전히 있으며, S의 진공 기댓값이 이 이산적인 대칭을 깨게 되면 구역 벽이 생겨야 한다. 이 구역 벽도 관측된 바 없으므로 이를 해결해야 한다. 두 번째 해결책은 U(1)을 도입했다고 해서 U-최소 초대칭 표준 모형(UMSSM)이라고 부르기도 하며, 대통일 이론에서 자연스럽게 예견된다.

각주

  1. Ellwanger, U.; Hugonie, C.;Teixeira, A.M. (2010). 《Phys.Rept.》 496. arXiv:0910.1785. Bibcode:2010PhR...496....1E. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2010.07.001.  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)

Read other articles:

Greenland Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri Politik dan KetatanegaraanGreenland Konstitusi Konstitusi Undang-Undang Suksesi Kebebasan berbicara dan pers Perpajakan Monarki Penguasa Monarki Ratu Margrethe II Pangeran Mahkota Frederik Keluarga Kerajaan Dewan Pribadi Purveyors to the Royal Court Wilayah Kerajaan  Kerajaan Denmark  Greenland  Denmark  Kepulauan Faroe EksekutifRegeringen Pemerintah Kerajaan Denmark Komisaris Tinggi (daftar) Mikaela Engell Naalakkersuisut Peme...

 

Cinta Rasul 3Album studio karya Haddad Alwi & SulisDirilis2001 2007 (rilis ulang)Direkam2000GenreReligiLabelMusika Selaras Citra Warner Music Indonesia (rilis ulang)ProduserHaydar YahyaKronologi Haddad Alwi & Sulis Seribu Salam Bagi Rasul (2001)Seribu Salam Bagi Rasul2001 Cinta Rasul 3 Love for the Messenger with Orchestra (2002)Love for the Messenger with Orchestra2002 Cinta Rasul 3 adalah sebuah album religi karya Haddad Alwi & Sulis yang dirilis pada tahun 2001. Seluruh alb...

 

KumārajīvaKumarajiva di depan Gua Kizil, Kuqa, Xinjiang, ChinaLahir334 MKerajaan Kucha (kini Kuqa, Tiongkok)Meninggal413 MChang'an, TiongkokPekerjaanbiarawan Buddhis, cendekiawan, dan penerjemahDikenal atasPenerjemahan kitab Buddhis yang tertulis dalam bahasa Sanskerta ke dalam bahasa Tionghoa. Bagian dari seri mengenaiBuddhisme di Tiongkok汉传佛教 / 漢傳佛教Chinese: Buddha Sejarah Gandhara Kekaisaran Kushan Dharmaguptaka Transmisi Jalur Sutra Tokoh utama Kumārajīva Xuanzang Huiy...

Italian people and their descendants living outside Italy Italian diasporaEmigrazione italiana (Italian)Map of the Italian diaspora in the worldTotal populationc. 80 million worldwide[1]Regions with significant populationsBrazil, Argentina, United States, France, Colombia, Canada, Peru, Uruguay, Australia, Venezuela, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Chile and ParaguayLanguagesItalian, other languages of Italy, English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and GermanRel...

 

Monarchs of the Kingdom of Navarre See also: List of Navarrese consorts Coat of arms of the monarchs of Navarre since 1212 This is a list of the kings and queens of Pamplona, later Navarre. Pamplona was the primary name of the kingdom until its union with Aragon (1076–1134). However, the territorial designation Navarre came into use as an alternative name in the late tenth century, and the name Pamplona was retained well into the twelfth century. Monarchs of theIberian Peninsula al-Andalus ...

 

Sceaux 行政国 フランス地域圏 (Région) イル=ド=フランス地域圏県 (département) オー=ド=セーヌ県郡 (arrondissement) アントニー郡小郡 (canton) 小郡庁所在地INSEEコード 92071郵便番号 92330市長(任期) フィリップ・ローラン(2008年-2014年)自治体間連合 (fr) メトロポール・デュ・グラン・パリ人口動態人口 19,679人(2007年)人口密度 5466人/km2住民の呼称 Scéens地理座標 北緯48度4...

Сельское поселение России (МО 2-го уровня)Новотитаровское сельское поселение Флаг[d] Герб 45°14′09″ с. ш. 38°58′16″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Субъект РФ Краснодарский край Район Динской Включает 4 населённых пункта Адм. центр Новотитаровская Глава сельского пос�...

 

Enzyme protein in the species Homo sapiens Cytochrome P450 4F2Protein structure of cytochrome P450 4F2 (leukotriene-B4 omega-hydroxylase 1) enzyme[1]IdentifiersEC no.1.14.14.94CAS no.90119-11-2 Alt. namesCYP4F2, 20-HETE synthase; 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthase; CYPIVF2; arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase; cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily F, polypeptide 2; cytochrome P450, subfamily IVF, polypeptide 2; cytochrome P450-LTB-omega; docosahexaenoic acid omega-hydroxylase; leu...

 

Industry of Croatia Čakovec-East Industrial Zone, Međimurje County, northern Croatia, with factories and facilities for processing poultry, production of textile garments, for processing cereals, aluminium casts, etc. Main industries Machinery and equipment, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, electricity, electronics, wood industry and furniture, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, cement and construction, chemical and plastics industry, textiles, footwear and leather production Industrial gro...

Commuter rail line in Los Angeles County, California Antelope Valley LineAntelope Valley Line train descending from the Newhall PassOverviewOwnerMetrolink (track; Los Angeles–Lancaster)[1]LocaleNorthern Greater Los Angeles AreaTerminiLancasterL.A. Union StationStations13ServiceTypeCommuter railSystemMetrolinkOperator(s)MetrolinkDaily ridership2,647 (June 2023)[2]HistoryOpenedOctober 26, 1992 (October 26, 1992)TechnicalLine length76.6 miles (123.3 km)[3]Char...

 

8th-century Indian Vedic scholar and teacher of Advaita Vedanta This article is about the vedic scholar Adi Shankara. For the title used in Advaita traditions, see Shankaracharya. Adi Shankaracharya redirects here. For the 1983 Indian film, see Adi Shankaracharya (film). This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this messag...

 

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Sophie TrébuchetBorn(1772-06-19)19 June 1772Nantes, FranceDied27 June 1821(1821-06-27) (aged 49)Paris, FranceNationalityFrenchOccupationPainterSpouseJoseph Léopold Sigisbert HugoChildren4 sons, among them Abel and Victor Sophie Françoise Trébuc...

La mummia - La tomba dell'Imperatore DragoneL'Imperatore Dragone (Jet Li) in una scena del filmTitolo originaleThe Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor Lingua originaleinglese, cinese Paese di produzioneStati Uniti d'America, Cina Anno2008 Durata111 min Genereazione, avventura, fantastico RegiaRob Cohen SceneggiaturaMiles Millar, Alfred Gough ProduttoreStephen Sommers, Bob Ducsay, James Jacks, Sean Daniel Produttore esecutivoChris Brigham Casa di produzioneUniversal Pictures, Relativ...

 

Tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of source code For the trees used in linguistics, see parse tree. This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) An abstract syntax tree for the following code for the Euclidean algorithm:while b ≠ 0: if a &g...

 

New Zealand botanist, teacher and school inspector (1846–1925) Donald PetrieBorn(1846-09-07)7 September 1846Moray, ScotlandDied1 September 1925(1925-09-01) (aged 78)Auckland, New ZealandOccupationBotanist Donald Petrie (7 September 1846 – 1 September 1925) was a Scottish botanist noted for his work in New Zealand. Petrie was born in the parish of Edinkillie, Moray, on 7 September 1846[1] and educated at Aberdeen Grammar School and the University of Aberdeen. He taught at the ...

Para otros usos de este término, véase Gentry (desambiguación). Castle Coole Enniskillen, ejemplo de residencia de la gentry inglesa La gentry se refiere a una clase social, inicialmente británica, integrada por la nobleza de tipo medio y bajo (barones, caballeros...) y los hombres libres (freemen y commoners) terratenientes. Controlaban, antes de la revolución agrícola británica, aproximadamente un 50% de las tierras, haciéndose llamar burguesía territorial. Gentry es traducido com...

 

Japanese anime television series Ninja KamuiPromotional posterGenreAction[1]Science fiction[2] Anime television seriesDirected bySunghoo ParkProduced byJoseph ChouWritten byShigeru MurakoshiMusic byR.O.NStudioE&H Production (animation)Sola Entertainment (production)Licensed byWarner Bros. Television[a]Original networkTokyo MXEnglish networkCA: Adult SwimUS: Adult Swim (Toonami)Original run February 11, 2024 – May 5, 2024Episodes13 Video g...

 

Electronic musical instrument developed by ARP Instruments OdysseyARP Odyssey Mark IIIManufacturerARP Instruments, Inc.Korg Inc. (from 2015)Dates1972–19812015–presentTechnical specificationsPolyphony1-2Oscillator2LFOSine, Square, S&HSynthesis typeAnalog SubtractiveAttenuatorAR, ADSRStorage memorynoneEffectsnoneInput/outputKeyboard37-keyLeft-hand controlPitchExternal controlCV/Gate The ARP Odyssey is an analog synthesizer introduced by ARP Instruments in 1972. History ARP developed the...

TaimenTình trạng bảo tồnSắp nguy cấp  (IUCN 3.1)Phân loại khoa họcGiới (regnum)AnimaliaNgành (phylum)ChordataLớp (class)ActinopterygiiBộ (ordo)SalmoniformesHọ (familia)SalmonidaeChi (genus)HuchoLoài (species)H. taimenDanh pháp hai phầnHucho taimenPallas, 1773 Cá taimen hay cá hồi Xibia (danh pháp hai phần: Hucho taimen) là một loài cá thuộc họ Cá hồi. Loài cá này sinh sống ở lưu vực sông Volga và sông Pechora về phía đông ...

 

Royal Navy admiral SirEdward CodringtonSir Edward Codrington by Henry Perronet Briggs, 1843Born(1770-04-27)27 April 1770Dodington, EnglandDied28 April 1851(1851-04-28) (aged 81)London, EnglandAllegiance United Kingdom/British EmpireService/branch Royal NavyRankAdmiralCommandsPortsmouth CommandMediterranean FleetHMS OrionHMS DruidHMS BabetBattles/wars French Revolutionary Wars Glorious First of June Napoleonic Wars Battle of Trafalgar Walcheren Campaign War of 1812 Gre...