중파

중파(中波)는 파장으로 전파를 분류하는 것으로 주파수 300 ~ 3000 kHz 사이의 전파를 말하며 파장 100m~1000m범위에 있다. 국제전기통신조약에 따른 주파수의 분류 중에서 MF(medium frequency)에 해당하는 영역이다. 중파대(中波帶)는 285∼535kHz이다.

특성

중파는 근거리에서는 지표면을 따라 전반하는 지표파를 이용하지만, 파장이 길수록 감쇄가 적다. 중파신호 중 지표파(ground wave)가 어떤 장소를 거치느냐에 따라 감쇄도가 달라지는데, 대양(大洋)이 감쇄도가 가장 낮으며 메마른 암석 황무지나 콘크리트 건물이 밀집한 대도시 시가지에서 신호가 많이 감쇄된다. 따라서 강릉 앞바다에서 대낮에도 일부 일본방송이 수신되지만, 수도권 일부 지역(서울 도심 포함)에서는 수도권 지역 일부 중파방송마저 수신상태가 불량할 수 있다는 것이다. 또한 같은 중파방송 대역 중에서 600kHz 이하의 방송신호보다 1400kHz 이상의 방송신호의 감쇄율이 높다.

원거리에서는 전리층파가 되지만, 주간에는 D층(60∼85km 상공에 존재)이 전파의 흡수층으로 작용하므로 전기장의 세기가 약해져서 거의 이용할 수 없다. 야간에 D층이 소멸하면 E층(90∼110km 상공에 존재)이나 F층(200∼400km 상공에 존재)에서 반사하여 수백km 떨어진 곳까지 이른다. 전리층파와 지표파의 전기장의 세기가 같은 정도인 곳에서는 페이딩(fading)이 있지만, 태양활동이나 계절의 변화는 적다. 따라서 단파보다 신호가 안정적인 편이다. 나라에서 대부분의 라디오 방송용(특히 중파방송용), 선박통신, 무선항행업무용으로 쓴다.

스펙트럼 및 채널 할당

장소 kHz (중심) 공간 채널
유럽, 아시아, 아프리카 531 - 1602 9 kHz 120
오스트레일리아 531 - 1701 9 kHz 120
북, 남아메리카 530 - 1700 10 kHz 118

같이 보기

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