전자쌍

초전도 현상의 전자에 관해서는 쿠퍼쌍 문서를 보십시오.

전자쌍(電子雙, 영어: electron pair) 또는 루이스쌍(영어: Lewis pair)은 화학에서 같은 분자 궤도를 차지하지만 반대 스핀을 가지는 2개 전자로 구성되어 있다. 전자쌍에 대한 개념은 길버트 뉴턴 루이스의 1916년 논문에서 소개되었다.[1]

이원자분자의 전자 공유(왼쪽), 극성 공유(오른쪽)을 그린 분자 오비탈 그림 (MO 다이어그램). 두 경우 모두 전자쌍의 형성으로 결합이 생성된다.

전자는 페르미온이기 때문에, 파울리 배타 원리에 따라 이 입자들이 정확히 같은 양자수를 가질 수 없다. 따라서 같은 궤도(궤도 양자수)를 가질 유일한 방법은 자기 스핀 양자수에 차이가 있는 것이다. 이는 같은 궤도상의 전자 수를 정확히 2개로 제한한다.[2]

전자쌍은 화학에서 매우 큰 역할을 한다. 두 원자 사이에 화학적 결합을 형성할 수도 있고, 원자가 전자의 비결합 전자가 될 수도 있다. 또, 전자쌍은 원자의 핵심을 이룬다.

스핀이 쌍으로 이루어지기에, 전자의 자기 모멘트는 상쇄되고, 전자의 자기적 특성은 일반적으로 반자성을 띌 것이다.

화학에서는 전자가 짝을 짓는 경향이 강하지만, 홀전자가 생길 수도 있다.

금속 결합의 경우 자기 모멘트가 상당히 보상되지만, 결합이 공동적이라 개별적인 전자쌍을 구별할 수 없기 때문에 전자를 공동의 바다로 보는 것이 낫다.

초전도성에서 매우 특별한 전자쌍인 쿠퍼쌍이 형성되는 사례가 있다.[3][4]

같이 보기

각주

  1. ↑ Jean Maruani (1989). 《Molecules in Physics, Chemistry and Biology: v. 3: Electronic Structure and Chemical Reactivity》. Springer. 73쪽. ISBN 978-90-277-2598-1. 2013년 3월 14일에 확인함. 
  2. ↑ Curtis, L.J. (2003). 《Atomic Structure and Lifetimes: A Conceptual Approach》. Cambridge University Press. 74쪽. ISBN 978-0-521-53635-6. 
  3. ↑ Cooper, Leon N. (1956). “Bound electron pairs in a degenerate Fermi gas”. 《Physical Review》 104 (4): 1189–1190. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104.1189C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.104.1189. 
  4. ↑ Nave, Carl R. (2006). “Cooper Pairs”. 《Hyperphysics》. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State Univ. 2008년 7월 24일에 확인함. 


이 글은 화학에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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