수산화 칼슘

수산화 칼슘
Calcium hydroxide
이름
IUPAC 이름
Calcium hydroxide
별칭
  • Slaked lime
  • Milk of lime
  • Calcium(II) hydroxide
  • Pickling lime
  • Hydrated lime
  • Portlandite
  • Calcium hydrate
  • Calcium dihydroxide
식별자
3D 모델 (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.762
EC 번호
  • 215-13
E 번호 E526 (산도 조절제, ...)
846915
KEGG
RTECS 번호
  • EW2800000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/Ca.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2 예
    Key: AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 예
  • InChI=1/Ca.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
    Key: AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-NUQVWONBAD
  • [Ca+2].[OH-].[OH-]
  • [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2]
성질
Ca(OH)2
몰 질량 74.093 g/mol
겉보기 White powder
냄새 Odorless
밀도 2.211 g/cm3, solid
녹는점 580 °C (1,076 °F; 853 K) (loses water, decomposes)
  • 1.89 g/L (0 °C)
  • 1.73 g/L (20 °C)
  • 0.66 g/L (100 °C)
5.5×10^−6
용해도
염기도 (pKb) 1.37 (first OH), 2.43 (second OH)[1][2]
−22.0·10−6 cm3/mol
1.574
구조
Hexagonal, hP3[3]
P3m1 No. 164
a = 0.35853 nm, c = 0.4895 nm
열화학
83 J·mol−1·K−1[4]
−987 kJ·mol−1[4]
위험
물질 안전 보건 자료 [5]
GHS 그림문자 GHS05: Corrosive GHS07: Harmful
신호어 위험
H314, H318, H335, H402
P261, P280, P305+351+338
NFPA 704 (파이어 다이아몬드)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondFlammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
3
0
인화점 Non-flammable
반수 치사량 또는 반수 치사농도 (LD, LC):
7340 mg/kg (oral, rat)
7300 mg/kg (mouse)
NIOSH (미국 건강 노출 한계):
PEL (허용)
TWA 15 mg/m3 (total) 5 mg/m3 (resp.)[6]
REL (권장)
TWA 5 mg/m3[6]
IDLH (직접적 위험)
N.D.[6]
관련 화합물
다른 양이온
Magnesium hydroxide
Strontium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
관련 bases
Calcium oxide
달리 명시된 경우를 제외하면, 표준상태(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)에서 물질의 정보가 제공됨.
예 확인 (관련 정보 예아니오아니오 ?)

수산화 칼슘(영어: Calcium hydroxide)은 Ca(OH)2의 화학식을 가진 화합물이다. 소석회, 가성석회라고 불린다. 수산화기를 포함하고 있기 때문에 수용액 상에서 염기성을 띤다. 물에 잘 녹지는 않지만 이온화도(해리성)가 높은 특성이 있기 때문에 물에 녹은 수산화 칼슘은 강한 염기성을 나타낸다.

강한 염기성을 이용하여 소석회. 즉, 수산화 칼슘이 들어간 비료를 사용하여 산성화된 토양을 중화시키는데 사용한다.

제조법

탄화 칼슘 가수분해법

탄화 칼슘(CaC2)를 가수분해시키면 아세틸렌(C2H2)과 수산화 칼슘(Ca(OH)2)이 생성된다.

CaC2 + 2 H2OC2H2 + Ca(OH)2 + 33.07kcal/mole

산화 칼슘 용해법

산화 칼슘(CaO)을 물과 반응시키면 물 분자 하나(H2O)와 반응하여 수산화 칼슘(Ca(OH)2)이 생성된다.

CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

같이 보기

각주

  1. “Sortierte Liste: pKb-Werte, nach Ordnungszahl sortiert. – Das Periodensystem online”. 
  2. ChemBuddy dissociation constants pKa and pKb
  3. Petch, H. E. (1961). “The hydrogen positions in portlandite, Ca(OH)2, as indicated by the electron distribution”. 《Acta Crystallographica》 14 (9): 950–957. doi:10.1107/S0365110X61002771. 
  4. Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). 《Chemical Principles 6th Ed.》. Houghton Mifflin Company. A21쪽. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7. 
  5. “MSDS Calcium hydroxide” (PDF). 2012년 3월 25일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 6월 21일에 확인함. 
  6. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. “#0092”. 미국 국립 직업안전위생연구소 (NIOSH). 

외부 링크

  • 위키미디어 공용에 수산화 칼슘 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.

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