소용돌이

다른 뜻에 대해서는 소용돌이 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.
비행기 날개에 의해 생성된 소용돌이.

소용돌이[1][2] 또는 볼텍스(영어: vortex)는 난류의 회전이다. 임의의 닫힌 유선의 나선형 움직임은 소용돌이 흐름이며 때때로 선와(旋渦)라고도 한다. 유체가 중심의 주위로 물결치는 움직임이 소용돌이다. 유체의 속력과 회전속도는 중심에서 가장 크며 반경이 증가할수록 점차 감소한다.

특성

소용돌이는 아래의 특성을 보인다.

  • 소용돌이의 유체 압력은 중앙에서 최저이다. 그리고 중심에서 멀어질수록 점진적으로 상승한다. 이것은 베르누이 원리와 일치한다. 공기 중의 소용돌이의 핵심은 핵심의 저압 내에 응축에 의해 유발된 수증기의 플룸 때문에 때때로 보일 수 있다.
  • 모든 소용돌이의 핵심은 소용돌이 선을 포함한다고 고려될 수 있고 소용돌이의 모든 입자는 소용돌이 선주위를 회전한다고 고려될 수 있다. 소용돌이 선은 유체의 경계에서 시작하고 끝나지만 유체 내에서 시작하거나 끝나지는 않는다.
  • 둘 또는 이상의 소용돌이들이 거의 평행하고 같은 방향으로 회전하면 빠르게 병합되어 하나의 소용돌이가 된다. 병합된 소용돌이의 순환은 구성 소용돌이의 순환의 합과 같을 것이다.
  • 소용돌이는 유체의 원형 움직임 내에 많은 에너지를 포함한다. 이상적인 유체에서 이 에너지는 결코 소산될 수 없고 소용돌이는 영원히 지속적일 것이다. 그러나 실제의 유체는 점성을 보이며 이것이 소용돌이의 핵심에서 에너지를 매우 느리게 소산시킬 것이다.

종류

위키미디어 공용에 관련된
미디어 분류가 있습니다.

같이 보기

  1. ↑ 한국물리학회 물리학용어집 https://www.kps.or.kr/content/voca/search.php?page=2&et=en&find_kw=vortex
  2. ↑ 대한화학회 화학술어집 https://new.kcsnet.or.kr/?act=&vid=&mid=cheminfo&wordfield=eng&word=vortex

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