사칙연산

사칙연산의 각 부호.

사칙연산(四則運算, elementary arithmetic) 혹은 가감승제(加減乘除), 초등 연산이란 산술에서 다루어지는 계산법 중 덧셈(+), 뺄셈(-), 곱셈(×), 나눗셈(÷)의 네 가지 이항연산을 묶어 부르는 말이다. 자연수에서 정의되는 사칙연산 중에 뺄셈과 나눗셈의 경우는 제약이 있으며, 이 제약을 풀기 위한 과정에서 정수나 유리수까지 수의 범위를 넓히며 사칙연산을 생각할 수 있게 된다.

사칙연산에는 교환법칙, 결합법칙, 분배법칙 등의 성질이 있으며, 추상대수학에서는 사칙연산을 자유롭게 적용할 수 있는 수의 집합을 체라고 부르고 있다. 유리수 전체의 집합, 실수의 집합, 복소수의 집합이 체에 해당한다.

혼합 계산

괄호 안을 가장 먼저 계산하되, 곱셈과 나눗셈을 덧셈과 뺄셈보다 우선으로 계산해야 한다.

같이 보기

이 글은 수학에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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