미국 기병대

미국 기병대
United States Cavalry
1876년경의 기병대 제복.
미국 기병대의 마크
활동 기간1775년 11월 15일 ~ 1950년
국가미국의 기 미국
소속미국 미국 육군
병과보병
종류기병
역할정찰, 보안, 전투 지휘소 등의 전/후방 경비
표장
분과 인식표

미국 기병대(United State Cavalry)는 미국 육군 중 말을 탄 부대를 일컫는 명칭이다. 미국 기병대의 역할은 정찰, 방어, 그리고 공격이다. 기병대는 미국이 참여한 매 전쟁에서 미군 전력의 한 부분을 담당했다. 원래 명칭은 미국 용기병(영어: United States Dragoons)으로, 미국 독립 전쟁 중에 활약한 기병대를 모방한 것이었다. 미국 기병대는 남북 전쟁 이후 서부 개척 과정에서 큰 역할을 하였고, 여기서 기병대의 전통이 유래하였다.

1883년에 전쟁부가 육군 개편 계획을 집행하였다. 보병부대에서 소대에 해당하는 병대를 중대급, 중대에 해당하는 전대를 대대급으로 올리고, 주둔지에서 행정관리 단위로 쓰던 대대를 기병대에서는 더는 쓰지 않는 것으로 기병 편제를 조정하였다.[1]

2차 세계 대전 직전까지 미국 기병대는 기병대의 역할은 물론 기갑부대로까지 활동하였다. 2차 세계 대전 중 기병대는 이전에 역할과 더불어 보병대의 역할도 추가 담당하였다. 미국 기병대에 의한 기병전은 필리핀의 바탄반도에서 정찰대인 제26기병대가 1942년 1월 16일 일본군을 상대로 돌격전을 감행한 것이 마지막이었다.

현재 부대

정규군

기병부대별로 옆의 괄호 안의 숫자는 활동하고 있는 전대(Squadron)의 수를 가리킨다.

방위군

같이 보기

참고

  1. ↑ “THE INDIAN WARS”. History of the 4th U.S. Cavalry Regiment (영어). 2019년 5월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2019년 5월 11일에 확인함. 
이 글은 미국에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.
이 글은 군사에 관한 토막글입니다. 여러분의 지식으로 알차게 문서를 완성해 갑시다.

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