둔전

둔전(屯田)은 변경 지역이나 군사 요충지에 주둔한 군대의 경비를 마련하기 위해 경작하는 토지이다. 그러한 제도 또는 둔전을 하는 사람을 가리키기도 한다.

기원

중국에서 시작되었다. 《삼국지》〈위지〉에 조조가 투항한 황건적으로써 둔전을 만든 기록이 있다.

중국의 둔전

한국의 둔전

한국에서 둔전의 기원은 멀리 백제 멸망 당시로 거슬러 올라간다고 한다. 당시 전란으로 피폐해진 토지를 복구하기 위해 시행되었다. 고려 말에도 연해 지방에 국둔전을 일으켜 왜구의 재해를 입은 토지의 복구에 힘을 썼으나, 조선 태조 때 국둔전 전폐를 내걸었다. 그러나 오래지 않아 군수 부족을 타개하기 위하여 이를 부활시켰으며, 그 뒤에도 여러 번 곡절을 겪었다.

본격적인 둔전은 과전법과 그 연원을 같이한다. 과전법의 실시에 따라 각 지방 주둔병의 군량 자급을 위하여 반급(頒給)하던 토지이다.

둔전은 원래 위수(衛戍) 중의 군졸로 하여금 현지의 토지를 경작케 하여 군량에 충당케 하는 것으로서, 이것이 지방 관부의 경비 부족을 보충하는 목적으로 변질된 것도 이미 고려 숙종 4년(1099년)경에 시작되어 있었다.

여기에 폐단이 생겨 조선 초에 여러 번 폐지해 보기도 하였으나 실효가 없다가, 마침내 세종 때에 관둔전(官屯田)을 공인하고 그 결수(結數)를 제한하기도 하는 등 개폐(改廢)를 거듭하였다. 세조 때에는 그 결수를 배가(倍加)하였으며, 이 주현 관둔전(州縣官屯田)과 유사한 듯하면서 전혀 성질이 다른 것으로는 국둔전(國屯田)이 있다. 국둔전은 당번 군인이 경작하고 그 수확은 그대로 국고 수입으로 삼아 군자(軍資)로 쓰는 것이다.

서양의 둔전

같이 보기

이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 "조선 왕조의 경제·사회적 구조" 항목을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.

Read other articles:

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2018年3月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:羅生門 (電影) — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。 �...

 

Undang-Undang Pemulihan Negara Lituania dengan tanda tangan oleh para delegasi Undang-Undang Pemulihan Negara Lituania atau Undang-Undang 11 Maret (Lithuanian: Aktas dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomos valstybės atstatymocode: lt is deprecated ) adalah sebuah deklarasi kemerdekaan oleh Republik Sosialis Soviet Lituania yang diadopsi pada tanggal 11 Maret 1990, ditandatangani oleh semua[1] anggota Dewan Tertinggi Republik Lithuania yang dipimpin oleh Sąjūdis. Undang-undang ini menekankan p...

 

Cette page concerne l'année 1675 du calendrier grégorien. Pour l'année 1675 av. J.-C., voir 1675 av. J.-C. Chronologies 28 juin : bataille de Fehrbellin.Données clés 1672 1673 1674  1675  1676 1677 1678Décennies :1640 1650 1660  1670  1680 1690 1700Siècles :XVe XVIe  XVIIe  XVIIIe XIXeMillénaires :-Ier Ier  IIe  IIIe Chronologies thématiques Art Architecture, Arts plastiques (Dessin, Gravure, Peinture et Sculpture), Littér...

Marie-ChristinePutri Michael dari KentFotografi oleh Allan Warren, 1999KelahiranBaroness Marie-Christine Anna Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz15 Januari 1945 (umur 79)Karlsbad, Jerman Nazi (sekarang Republik Ceko)WangsaReibnitz (dari kelahiran)Windsor (dari pernikahan)AyahBaron Günther von ReibnitzIbuCountess Maria Szapáry von MuraszombathPasangan Thomas Troubridge ​ ​(m. 1971; c. 1977)​ Pangeran Michael dari Kent ​ ​(m.&...

 

Town in Estonia Town in Ida-Viru County, EstoniaPüssiTownLüganuse school buildingPüssiLocation in EstoniaCoordinates: 59°22′N 27°03′E / 59.367°N 27.050°E / 59.367; 27.050CountryEstoniaCountyIda-Viru CountyMunicipalityLüganuse ParishFirst mentioned1472Borough rights1954Town rights1993Population (2018)[1] • Total917Time zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST) Püssi is a town in Lüganuse Parish, Ida-Viru County, in nor...

 

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens GHSRIdentifiersAliasesGHSR, GHDP, growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene, growth hormone secretagogue receptorExternal IDsOMIM: 601898 MGI: 2441906 HomoloGene: 57161 GeneCards: GHSR Gene location (Human)Chr.Chromosome 3 (human)[1]Band3q26.31Start172,443,291 bp[1]End172,448,456 bp[1]Gene location (Mouse)Chr.Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2]Band3|3 A3Start27,425,500 bp[2]End27,432,159 bp[2]RNA expressi...

Day after Easter Sunday Easter MondayTypeChristianDateDay after Easter Sunday2023 dateApril 10 (Western)April 17 (Eastern)2024 dateApril 1 (Western)May 6 (Eastern)2025 dateApril 21 (Western)April 21 (Eastern)2026 dateApril 6 (Western)April 13 (Eastern) Easter Monday in Portugal Easter Monday is the second day of Eastertide and a public holiday in some countries. In Western Christianity it marks the second day of the Octave of Easter; in Eastern Christianity it marks the se...

 

2002 studio album by Paul WellerIlluminationStudio album by Paul WellerReleased16 September 2002StudioBlack Barn Studio & Wheeler endGenreRockLength47:39LabelIndependiente RecordsProducerPaul Weller, Simon Dine (engineered by Jan Stan Kybert & Charles Rees)Paul Weller chronology Days of Speed(2001) Illumination(2002) Fly on the Wall - B Sides and Rarities(2003) Illumination is the sixth solo studio album by English singer-songwriter Paul Weller, released on 16 September 2002....

 

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Count of Luxemburg and Arlon Henry VICount of Luxemburg and ArlonReign24 December 1281 – 5 June 1288PredecessorHenry VSuccessorHenry VIIBornc. 1240Died5 June 1288 (aged 48)WorringenSpouseBeatrice d'AvesnesIssuemore...Henry VII, Holy Roman EmperorBaldwin, Archbishop of TrierHouseLuxembourgFatherHenry V, Count of LuxembourgMotherMargaret of Bar Henry VI (c. 1240 – 5 June 1288) was Count of Luxembourg and Arlon from the death of his father, Henry V the Blond, in 1281 until h...

 

  كينتانا رو (بالإسبانية: Quintana Roo)‏    كينتانا رو كينتانا رو  خريطة الموقع تاريخ التأسيس 8 أكتوبر 1974  تقسيم إداري البلد المكسيك  [1][2] العاصمة شيتومال  التقسيم الأعلى المكسيك  خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 19°36′00″N 87°55′00″W / 19.6°N 87.916666666667°W / 19...

 

2005 studio album by Hugh MasekelaAlmost Like Being in JazzStudio album by Hugh MasekelaReleased7 June 2005 (2005-06-07)Recorded15–17 October 2004StudioBernie's, (Los Angeles, California)GenreJazzLength1:01:30LabelChisa Records CHCD01ProducerStewart LevineHugh Masekela chronology Revival(2005) Almost Like Being in Jazz(2005) The Chisa Years(2006) Almost Like Being in Jazz is a studio album by South-African jazz trumpeter Hugh Masekela.[1][2] The album...

Tidak dibingungkan dengan Kamp A. A. Humphreys di Virginia, kini dikenal sebagai Benteng Belvoir. Garnisun Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat-HumphreysWe are the Army's HomeAktif1950–sekarangNegara Amerika SerikatCabang Angkatan Darat Amerika SerikatTipe unitGarnisunBagian dariDepartemen Pertahanan Departemen Angkatan Darat Komando Manajemen Instalasi MotoSustain, Support, DefendWarnaMerah, hijau, hitam, dan emas       Situs webOfficial WebsiteTokohKomandan Garnisu...

 

Politics of Kosovo Constitution and law Executive President Vjosa Osmani Prime Minister Albin Kurti Second Kurti cabinet Government Legislature Assembly Chairman: Glauk Konjufca Judiciary Constitutional Court Kosovo Judicial Council Administrative divisions Districts Municipalities Recent elections Presidential: 201120162021 Parliamentary: 201420172019 Local: 2009201320172021 Referendums: 199120122024 Political parties PDKLDKAAKSLSVVAKR Foreign policy Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign relat...

 

Process of gathering mature crops from fields For other uses, see Harvest (disambiguation). Reaping redirects here. For other uses, see Reaping (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Harvest – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this...

President of Costa Rica from 2010 to 2014 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Chinchilla and the second or maternal family name is Miranda. Laura ChinchillaOfficial portrait, c. 201046th President of Costa RicaIn office8 May 2010 – 8 May 2014Vice PresidentAlfio PivaLuis LibermanPreceded byÓscar AriasSucceeded byLuis Guillermo SolísFirst-Vice President of Costa RicaIn office8 May 2006 – 8 October 2008PresidentÓscar AriasPreceded byLinet...

 

Football stadium in Dundee, Scotland Dens ParkDensDundee F.C. playing St Johnstone F.C. at Dens Park during the 2006–07 seasonDens ParkLocation in DundeeLocationSandeman Street, DundeeCoordinates56°28′29″N 2°58′25″W / 56.47472°N 2.97361°W / 56.47472; -2.97361Capacity11,775[1]Record attendance43,024 v Rangers7 February 1953Field size109 × 69 yards (100 × 64 metres)SurfaceGrass pitchConstructionBroke ground1899Opened1899Renovated1998–1999Archite...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité autrichienne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Obertilliach Héraldique L'église paroissiale catholique Saint Ulrich. Administration Pays Autriche Land Tyrol District(Bezirk) Lienz Maire Matthias Scherer (ÖVP) Code postal A-9942 Indicatif 43+4847 Code Commune 7 07 21 Démographie Population 727 hab. Densité 11 hab./km2 Géographie ...

Time that marks the beginning of the twilight before sunrise Not to be confused with Sunrise or Morning. For other uses, see Dawn (disambiguation). Late summer dawn over the Mojave Desert, California Dawn is sometimes considered the beginning of morning twilight, the period of twilight, or the time of sunrise. Dawn is the time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise. It is recognized by the appearance of indirect sunlight being scattered in Earth's atmosphere, when the centre of t...

 

ぽてまよ ジャンル ギャグ 漫画 作者 御形屋はるか 出版社 双葉社 掲載誌 もえよん → コミックハイ! レーベル アクション・コミックス 発表期間 2004年7月9日 - 2011年1月22日 巻数 全5巻 アニメ 原作 御形屋はるか 監督 池端隆史 シリーズ構成 池見友太 脚本 池見友太 キャラクターデザイン 大木良一 音楽 菊谷知樹 アニメーション制作 J.C.STAFF 製作 ぽてまよ製作委員会 放�...