두정갑

두정갑을 착용한 윤관 영정.

두정갑(頭釘甲)은 중세의 갑옷의 일종이다. 천이나 가죽으로 옷을 만들고, 옷 속에 철판을 누빈 뒤 리벳을 쳐서 고정시킨 갑옷이다. 서유럽의 브리건딘(brigandine), 러시아의 쿠야크(kuyak), 일본의 귀갑(亀甲) 따위가 모두 이런 형식의 갑옷이다.

천갑옷의 사용은 매우 옛날부터 이루어진 것으로 보인다. 킹 제임스 성경 예레미야 46장 4절을 보면 히브리어 시르욘(סרין)을 "코트 오브 메일"[1]이라고 번역하고 있다. 중세의 브리건딘은 그보다 앞서 12세기 후반에 발달한 코트 오브 플레이트가 개량된 것이다. 두정갑류의 갑옷은 아시아에서 발원하여, 몽골이 1240년 키예프 대공국을 멸망시키고 1241년 헝가리 왕국에 막대한 피해를 끼쳤을 때 유럽에 전해졌다. 두정갑류는 처음에는 동유럽, 특히 헝가리에서 널리 사용되었으며, 13세기 말과 그 이후 수십 년에 걸쳐 서유럽에도 도입되었다.[2]

두정갑을 입는 방식은 속에 구군복이나 철릭을 입은 후 그 위에 입는다. 변방에서 재직하는 사또가 구군복 차림인 이유는 적이 쳐들어올 때 그 위에 두정갑만 껴입고 나가서 싸우기 위해서이다.

서양 갑옷의 주류가 쇄자갑에서 판금갑으로 넘어가는 전환기에도 두정갑류는 살아남아 15세기에 널리 사용되었으며, 16세기까지도 여전히 사용되었다.

《무예도보통지》에 실린 두정갑 삽화
  • 영국의 코트 오브 플레이트
    영국의 코트 오브 플레이트
  • 인도의 치할타 하자르 마샤
    인도의 치할타 하자르 마샤
  • 만주의 정갑(钉甲)
    만주의 정갑(钉甲)
  • 러시아의 쿠야크
    러시아의 쿠야크
  • 일본의 귀갑(亀甲)
    일본의 귀갑(亀甲)

각주

  1. ↑ Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, James Strong
  2. ↑ Kriskó Gyula. Az Árpád-kor háborúi. Bp. Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó 1986
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