구리 동위 원소

구리는 자연에서 63Cu과 65Cu 두 종류의 안정 동위 원소로 이루어져 있으며, 이 밖에 27종류의 방사성 동위 원소가 알려져 있다. 이들 중 가장 안정한 것은 반감기가 61.83시간인 67Cu이며, 이 밖의 방사성 동위 원소는 대부분 1분 이하이다. 원자량 63 미만의 방사성 동위 원소들은 주로 양전자 방출을 통해 붕괴하는 반면 원자량 65를 초과하는 동위 원소는 주로 음의 베타 붕괴(β-)를 한다. 64Cu는 두 가지 붕괴를 모두 할 수 있다.[1] 또, 68Cu, 69Cu, 71Cu, 72Cu, 76Cu는 모두 이성질핵이 존재하며, 이 중 70Cu은 2가지의 핵 이성질체가 존재하므로 구리는 모두 7가지의 이성질핵을 갖는다.

구리의 표준 원자량은 63.546(3)u이다.


핵종
기호
Z(p) N(n)  
동위 원소 질량 (u)
 
반감기 붕괴
방식[2][n 1]
붕괴
생성물[n 2]

스핀
전형적
동위 원소
구성비
(몰 분율)
자연적
구성비
변동 범위
(몰 분율)
들뜬 에너지
52Cu 29 23 51.99718(28)# p 51Ni (3+)#
53Cu 29 24 52.98555(28)# <300 ns p 52Ni (3/2-)#
54Cu 29 25 53.97671(23)# <75 ns p 53Ni (3+)#
55Cu 29 26 54.96605(32)# 40# ms [>200 ns] β+ 55Ni 3/2-#
p 54Ni
56Cu 29 27 55.95856(15)# 93(3) ms β+ 56Ni (4+)
57Cu 29 28 56.949211(17) 196.3(7) ms β+ 57Ni 3/2-
58Cu 29 29 57.9445385(17) 3.204(7) s β+ 58Ni 1+
59Cu 29 30 58.9394980(8) 81.5(5) s β+ 59Ni 3/2-
60Cu 29 31 59.9373650(18) 23.7(4) min β+ 60Ni 2+
61Cu 29 32 60.9334578(11) 3.333(5) h β+ 61Ni 3/2-
62Cu 29 33 61.932584(4) 9.673(8) min β+ 62Ni 1+
63Cu 29 34 62.9295975(6) 안정 3/2- 0.6915(15) 0.68983-0.69338
64Cu 29 35 63.9297642(6) 12.700(2) h β+ (61%) 64Ni 1+
β- (39%) 64Zn
65Cu 29 36 64.9277895(7) 안정 3/2- 0.3085(15) 0.30662-0.31017
66Cu 29 37 65.9288688(7) 5.120(14) min β- 66Zn 1+
67Cu 29 38 66.9277303(13) 61.83(12) h β- 67Zn 3/2-
68Cu 29 39 67.9296109(17) 31.1(15) s β- 68Zn 1+
68mCu 721.6(7) keV 3.75(5) min IT (84%) 68Cu (6-)
β- (16%) 68Zn
69Cu 29 40 68.9294293(15) 2.85(15) min β- 69Zn 3/2-
69mCu 2741.8(10) keV 360(30) ns (13/2+)
70Cu 29 41 69.9323923(17) 44.5(2) s β- 70Zn (6-)
70m1Cu 101.1(3) keV 33(2) s β- 70Zn (3-)
70m2Cu 242.6(5) keV 6.6(2) s 1+
71Cu 29 42 70.9326768(16) 19.4(14) s β- 71Zn (3/2-)
71mCu 2756(10) keV 271(13) ns (19/2-)
72Cu 29 43 71.9358203(15) 6.6(1) s β- 72Zn (1+)
72mCu 270(3) keV 1.76(3) µs (4-)
73Cu 29 44 72.936675(4) 4.2(3) s β- (>99.9%) 73Zn (3/2-)
β-, n (<.1%) 72Zn
74Cu 29 45 73.939875(7) 1.594(10) s β- 74Zn (1+,3+)
75Cu 29 46 74.94190(105) 1.224(3) s β- (96.5%) 75Zn (3/2-)#
β-, n (3.5%) 74Zn
76Cu 29 47 75.945275(7) 641(6) ms β- (97%) 76Zn (3,5)
β-, n (3%) 75Zn
76mCu 0(200)# keV 1.27(30) s β- 76Zn (1,3)
77Cu 29 48 76.94785(43)# 469(8) ms β- 77Zn 3/2-#
78Cu 29 49 77.95196(43)# 342(11) ms β- 78Zn
79Cu 29 50 78.95456(54)# 188(25) ms β-, n (55%) 78Zn 3/2-#
β- (45%) 79Zn
80Cu 29 51 79.96087(64)# 100# ms [>300 ns] β- 80Zn


각주

  1. G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). “The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties” (PDF). 《Nuclear Physics A729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. 2008년 9월 23일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 9월 23일에 확인함. 
  2. Nucleonica: Universal Nuclide Chart
내용주
  1. 약자:
    IT: 이성질핵 전이
  2. 굵은 글꼴은 안정 동위 원소


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