이성질핵

이성질핵(異性質核, 영어: nuclear isomer)이란 하나 이상의 핵자의 들뜸(excitation)으로 인한 준안정 상태의 원자핵이다. "준안정"하다는 것은 그 들뜬 상태가 다른 들뜬 상태의 반감기(보통 10−12초)의 100~1000배의 반감기를 가지는 것을 말한다. 즉, "준안정"하다는 용어는 대개 10−9초 이상의 반감기를 가지는 이성질체만을 가리킨다. 때때로 이보다 반감기가 길며, 수 분, 수 시간, 1015년까지도 될 수 있다. 때때로 준안정 상태에서의 감마 붕괴는 특별히 이성질핵 전이(isomer transition)이라고 불린다. 그러나 준안정 부모 핵 이성질체의 수명이 길다는 특성을 제외하면 이 과정은 다른 모든 측면에서 더 짧은 수명의 감마 붕괴와 유사하다.

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