가소제

2014년 전 세계 가소제 소비량(800만 톤)[1]

가소제(可塑劑, plasticizer, plasticiser)는 물질의 점성을 줄이고 소성을 증가시키는 첨가제이다. 물질의 물리적 속성을 변화시키기 위해 추가되는 물질들이다. 이것들은 휘발성이 낮은 액체이거나 고체이다. 고분자 사슬 간 인력을 감소시켜 유연성을 높인다. 지난 60년이 넘는 시간 동안 점성 평가를 위해 30,000개 이상의 각기 다른 물질들이 평가되었다. 이 가운데 아주 극소량인 대략 50개가 오늘날 상용화되었다. 이를 적용한 저명한 사례로는 플라스틱의 경우 특히 폴리염화 비닐(PVC)이다. 콘크리트, 점토, 또 그와 관련된 제품들을 포함한 가소제들과 섞어서 다른 물질들의 속성을 수정할 수도 있다. 2014년 데이터에 따르면 가소제의 전 세계 시장은 8,400,000톤으로[2], 이 중 유럽의 경우 1,300,000톤을 차지한다.

각주

  1. ↑ Alexander H. Tullo: Plasticizer Makers Want A Piece Of The Phthalates Pie. In: Chemical & Engineering News 93(25), 2015, p. 16–18.
  2. ↑ Malveda, Michael P (July 2015). “Chemical Economics Handbook Report on Plasticizers”. 

외부 링크

Read other articles:

Bintang Bhayangkara

Bintang BhayangkaraDianugerahkan oleh Presiden IndonesiaTipeBintang SipilDibentuk1961Negara IndonesiaKelayakanSipilStatusMasih dianugerahkanPrioritasTingkat lebih tinggiBintang Yudha DharmaTingkat lebih rendahtidak adaSetingkatBintang Kartika Eka PaksiBintang JalasenaBintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa Bintang Bhayangkara adalah tanda kehormatan yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia untuk menghormati jasa seseorang memajukan dan mengembangkan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.[1...

 

Éric Lavaine

French film director and screenwriter (born 1966) Éric LavaineLavaine in 2014Born1966 (age 57–58)Paris, FranceOccupation(s)Film director, screenwriterYears active1998–present Éric Lavaine (born 1966) is a French film director and screenwriter. Filmography Year Title Role Box Office Notes 1998–2002 H Writer & Art Director TV series (59 episodes) 2002 Le 17 Director TV series (1 episode) Faut-il ? Writer TV series (2 episodes) 2006 Poltergay Director & writer ...

 

Daerah Federal Jakarta

Daerah Federal JakartaDaerah federal di RIS1948–1950Ibu kotaJakartaLuas • 3.000 km2 (1.200 sq mi)Sejarah • JenisDaerah federal Era sejarahPerang Dingin• Daerah Federal Batavia didirikan 11 Agustus 1948• Berganti nama menjadi Daerah Federal Jakarta 30 Desember 1949• Dibubarkan 30 Maret 1950 Didahului oleh Digantikan oleh Republik Indonesia Republik Indonesia Daerah Federal Jakarta atau Distrik Federal Jakarta (sebelum 1949 bernama D...

William Thompson

Artikel ini bukan mengenai William Thomson. William ThompsonPotret W. Thompson oleh George Chinnery, 1830Lahir(1775-06-30)30 Juni 1775Cork, IrlandiaMeninggal28 Maret 1833(1833-03-28) (umur 57)Rosscarbery, County Cork, IrlandiaEraFilsafat modernKawasanFilsafat Barat Bagian dari seriSosialisme Perkembangan Sejarah sosialisme Perdebatan kalkulasi sosialis Ekonomi sosialis Gagasan Penghitungan dalam barang Kepemilikan kolektif Koperasi Kepemilikan bersama Demokrasi ekonomi Perencanaan ekonom...

 

Wonokromo, Surabaya

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Wonokromo (disambiguasi). Koordinat: 7°17′30″S 112°43′56″E / 7.291693°S 112.732153°E / -7.291693; 112.732153 Wonokromo Wanakrama ꦮꦤꦏꦿꦩ KecamatanPeta lokasi Kecamatan WonokromoNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TimurKotaSurabayaPemerintahan • CamatTomi Ardiyanto, AP, S.Sos, M.Si.Kode pos60241Kode Kemendagri35.78.04 Kode BPS3578110 Desa/kelurahan6 Pasar Wonokromo (1929-1932) Wonokromo (Jawa: ꦮꦤꦏꦿꦩ,...

 

Pordenone Calcio

Pordenone CalcioCalcio Ramarri del Noncello[1], Pienne[2], Neroverdi, Naoniani Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Terza divisa Colori sociali Nero, verde Simboli Ramarro Inno Forza ramarriNica Band e Nicole Pellicani Dati societari Città Pordenone Nazione  Italia Confederazione UEFA Federazione FIGC Fondazione 1920 Rifondazione1927Rifondazione2003Scioglimento2023 Stadio Ottavio Bottecchia(3 089 posti) Palmarès Titoli nazionali 1 Scudetto Serie D Trof...

Daftar kode pos di Indonesia

Kode pos di Indonesia terdiri dari lima angka: Angka pertama merupakan kode wilayah tempat kantor pos berlokasi Angka kedua dan ketiga merupakan kode kabupaten atau kota Angka keempat merupakan kode kecamatan yang terdapat di dalam kabupaten atau kota yang bersangkutaan Angka kelima merupakan kode desa atau kelurahan Terdapat pengecualian untuk kode pos Jakarta: Angka ketiga merupakan kode kecamatan Angka keempat merupakan kode kelurahan Angka kelima adalah 0 Kode pos menurut provinsi Zona po...

 

Subcontrabass saxophone

Largest low pitched instrument in the saxophone family Subcontrabass saxophoneWoodwind instrumentClassification Single-reedHornbostel–Sachs classification422.212-71(Single-reed aerophone with keys)Inventor(s)Adolphe SaxDevelopedConceived as part of Sax's 1846 patent; first playable instrument built by J’Élle Stainer in 2010Playing range Subcontrabass saxophone in B♭ sounds three octaves and a major second lower than written.Related instruments Sizes:SoprilloSopraninoSopranoAltoTenorBar...

 

Mohammed V of Morocco

Ruler of Morocco (1927–1953; 1955–1961) For those of a similar name, see Mohamed V (disambiguation). Mohammed VMohammed bin Yusefمحمد الخامسAmir al-Mu'mininKing of MoroccoReign14 August 1957 – 26 February 1961SuccessorHassan IIPrime Ministers See list Mbarek BekkayAhmed BalafrejAbdallah Ibrahim Sultan of MoroccoReign30 October 1955 – 14 August 1957PredecessorMohammed bin 'ArafaReign17 November 1927 – 20 August 1953PredecessorYusef bin HassanSuccessorMohammed bin 'ArafaBorn...

The Cat Creeps (1930 film)

1930 film For the unrelated later film, see The Cat Creeps (1946 film). The Cat CreepsDirected byRupert JulianScreenplay byGladys Lehman[1]Based onThe Cat and the Canaryby John Willard[1]Starring Helen Twelvetrees Raymond Hackett Neil Hamilton Elizabeth Patterson Cinematography Hal Mohr Jerry Ash[1] Edited byMaurice Pivar[1]ProductioncompanyUniversal PicturesDistributed byUniversal Pictures[2]Release date November 7, 1930 (1930-11-07) ...

 

ميرلان مورزاييف

ميرلان مورزاييف مورزاييف يتدرب مع منتخب قيرغيزستان في يونيو 2015. معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل ميرلان مورزاييف الميلاد 29 مارس 1990 (العمر 34 سنة)كوتشكور-أتا، الطول 1.83 م (6 قدم 0 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية قيرغيزستان  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي نافباخور نامانجان مسير...

 

دراما كورية

الدراما كورية ((هانغل: 한국드라마 ر.ر: هانغوك دُراما)) أو كي دراما هو نوع فني في اللغة الكورية يشير إلى المسلسلات التلفزيونية القصيرة الموجهة إلى الجمهور الكوري مع سمات ومميزات مختلفة تميزها عن المسلسلات الأجنبية وأوبرا الصابون. وتختصر غالبا تحت اسم «كي دراما» باللغة الإ�...

Shasta people

Indigenous ethnic group of Western United States Not to be confused with Shasta Costa. Ethnic group Shasta peopleTotal population653[1]Regions with significant populations United States( California,  Oregon)LanguagesEnglish, formerly Shastan languagesRelated ethnic groupsOkwanuchu The Shastan peoples are a group of linguistically related Indigenous peoples from the Klamath Mountains. They traditionally inhabited portions of several regional waterways, including the Klam...

 

Senior master sergeant

Military rank for a senior non-commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Senior master sergeant – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Senior master sergeant is the military rank...

 

1912 Progressive National Convention

1912 Progressive National Convention1912 presidential election Nominees Roosevelt and JohnsonConventionDate(s)August 5, 1912CityChicago, IllinoisVenueChicago ColiseumCandidatesPresidential nomineeTheodore Roosevelt of New YorkVice presidential nomineeHiram Johnson of CaliforniaOther candidatesnoneVotingTotal delegates2000+Votes needed for nomination?Results (president)Theodore Roosevelt (NY): 2000+ (100%)Ballots11916 › Progressive convention, 1912 Roosevelt delivering a speech at the c...

العلاقات السيشلية اللاوسية

العلاقات السيشلية اللاوسية سيشل لاوس   سيشل   لاوس تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات السيشلية اللاوسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين سيشل ولاوس.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة سيشل لاوس المساح�...

 

Landkreis Erding

Wappen Deutschlandkarte Basisdaten Koordinaten: 48° 18′ N, 12° 0′ O48.312Koordinaten: 48° 18′ N, 12° 0′ O Bundesland: Bayern Regierungsbezirk: Oberbayern Verwaltungssitz: Erding Fläche: 870,73 km2 Einwohner: 142.540 (31. Dez. 2023)[1] Bevölkerungsdichte: 164 Einwohner je km2 Kfz-Kennzeichen: ED Kreisschlüssel: 09 1 77 NUTS: DE21A Kreisgliederung: 26 Gemeinden Adresse der Kreisverwaltung: Alois-Sc...

 

Comune

Third-level administrative division of Italy Comunes redirects here. For the non-profit collective, see Comunes Collective. For other uses, see Commune (disambiguation). Municipalities of ItalyComuni (Italian)CategoryRegionalised unitary stateLocationItalian RepublicNumber7,896Populations33 (Morterone) – 2,754,039 (Rome)Areas0.1206 km2 (0.0466 sq mi) (Atrani) –1,287.36 km2 (497.05 sq mi) (Rome)GovernmentComunal Government, Provincial Government, Regional...

Walther von Dyck

German mathematician (1856–1934) Walther von Dyck8th Rector of the Technical University of MunichIn office1919–1925Preceded byKarl Heinrich Hager [de]Succeeded byJonathan Zenneck1st Rector of the Technical University of MunichIn office1903–1906Preceded byPosition renamedSucceeded byFriedrich von Thiersch7th Director of the Technical University of MunichIn office1900–1903Preceded byEgbert von Hoyer [de]Succeeded byPosition renamed Personal detailsB...

 

Aymara language

Language spoken by the Aymara people This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Aymara language – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2018) (...