Vatikan

Nagara Kutha Vatikan
Status Civitatis Vaticanae
Stato della Città del Vaticano
Gendéraning Vatikan
Gendéra
Aditamènging Vatikan
Aditamèng
Gunagita: Inno e Marcia Pontificale/Mars Kepausan
Dunungpenering Vatikan
Dunungpenering Vatikan
JawatbasaBasa Latin
(Basa Italia akèh dianggo)
Government
• Paus
Paus Fransiskus
Pietro Parolin
• Gubernur
Biskop Agung Giuseppe Bertello
Kamardikan
11 Februari 1929
Pijembar
• Gunggung
0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi) (251)
• Banyu (%)
0
Population
• Pikira-kira 2014
842[1] (251)
• Ketebdunung
1.877/km2 (4.9/sq mi) (6)
ArtacihnaEuro[2][3] (EUR)
Laladan wektuUTC+1
Kodhé bèl+379
TLD internèt.va

Vatikan yaiku nagara mardika paling cilik ing donya, saka ambané wewengkon lan cacahing sing ndunungi. Vatikan iku enklave lan dikubengi kutha Roma ing Italia. Vatikan iku papan panggonané Paus lan wewengkon Takhta Suci, otoritas pusat Gréja Katulik.

Sajarah

Tlatah ing kutha Roma kang sadurungé ora ana sing ndunungi iki (ager vaticanus) tansah dianggep keramat, malah sadurungé agama Kristen lumebu ing tlatah mau. Taun 326, gréja pisanan diwangun ing sakdhuwuré panggonan sing diperkiraaké makam Santo Pétrus. Wiwit wektu samono panggonan iki tansaya akèh dipanggoni warga.

Para Paus sajeroning peran sékulèré wiwit ngrembakaké prabawa menyang laladan-laladan saubengé lan liwat nagara-nagara Paus mréntah laladan-laladan ing ujung Italia sing suwéné punjul sèwu taun nganti tengahan abad kaping 18 nalika Italia didadèkaké siji. Wektu iku laladan nagara Paus disita déning Karajan Italia kang nembé diadegaké.


Pulitik

Vatikan iku kaukus unik, sawijining conto saka karajan kang fungsi kepala nagarané, yaiku sang Paus ora diwarisaké nanging dipilih kanggo saumur urip déning dewan Kardinal. Anggota dewan kardinal kang bisa milih yaiku kang umuré kurang saka 80 taun. Pasemon dewan kardinal kanggo milih Paus iki diarani Conclave lan dianakaké ing Kapel Sistina (Sistine Chapel basa Inggris utawa Chapella Sistina basa Italia). Tembung Conclave iki asalé saka basa Latin cum clavis kang tegesé “nganggo kunci”. Maksudé para anggota Déwan kang nyekel kunci pemilihan. Tembung cum clavis iki uga duwé teges yèn para kardinal dikunci ing Kapel Sistina sajeroning prosès pemilihan Paus.

Istilah Takhta Suci ngrujuk marang otoritas, yurisdiksi lan kadhaulatan Paus lan para penaséhaté sajeroning mimpin gréja Katulik Roma. Takhta Suci nduwé hak kang padha karo nagara mawa dhaulat.

Minangka nagara mawa dhaulat, Vatikan uga nduwé hak kanggo ngirim lan nrima diplomat. Para diplomat iki mbutuhaké Kedutaan Besar kang kudu manggon ing kutha Roma awit ora ana panggonan ing Vatikan. Mulané ana kaanan kang paradoksal, yaiku Italia nduwé perwakilan ing wewengkoné dhéwé. .


Géografi

Kutha Vatikan dumunung ing dhuwuré bukit Vatikan ing sisih kulon-lor kutha Roma, sawatara atus mèter saka Kali Tiber. Tapel watesé karo Italia dawané (3,2 km) mèlu témbok kuthta kang biyèn diwangun kanggo nglindhungi Paus saka serangan. Total wewengkon udakara 0,44 km². Saliyané kutha Vatikan, wewengkon Paus uga kalebu sawatara gréja wigati, kantor-kantor lan Kastil Gandolpho. Paus minangka Kepala Nagara lan gubernur ngurusi kaperluan sadina-dina.

Ékonomi

Ékonomi Vatikan kang non-komersial iki disokong déning sumbangan saka para umat Katulik saindhenging jagat, dodolan perangko, koin-koin, suvenir turis, iuran lumebu musiyum-musiyum lan dodolan buku lan kalawarta.

Dhémografi

Amèh kabèh 890 warga Vatikan manggon ing jero témbok kutha Vatikan. Para warga, dumadi saka para rohaniawan/rohaniawati lan Tentara Switserlan, yaiku bala sukarela. 100% warga Vatikan nganut agama Katulik. Basa Resmi yaiku Basa Latin, nanging Basa Italia luwih sok dipigunakaké sajeroning urip sadina-dina.

Kabudayan

Kutha Vatikan minangka warisan budaya kang wigati. Sawetara gedhong kaya Basilika Santo Petrus, Kapel Sistina lan Museum Vatikan minangka gedhong-gedhong kang éndah banget.

Deleng uga

Rujukan

  1. "Holy See (Vatican City)". CIA—The World Factbook. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 23 December 2020. Dibukak ing 1 July 2014.
  2. www.vatican.va Holy See Press office — General Information. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  3. Sadurungé 2002: Lira Vatikan

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