多様性・公平性・包括性

公平性、多様性、インクルージョンをサポートするチラシ（2016年）

多様性、公平性、包括性（たようせい、こうへいせい、ほうかつせい[1]）またはダイバーシティ、エクイティ、インクルージョン（英語: diversity, equity, and inclusion、DEI[2]、DE&I[3]）は、すべての人々、特に歴史的に過小評価されてきたグループやアイデンティティや障害に基づいて差別を受けてきたグループのフェアな扱いと完全な参加を促進するための組織的なフレームワークである[4]。

解説

これら3つの概念（多様性、公平性（英語版）、包括性）は、合わせて、組織がDEIフレームワークを通じて制度化しようとしている「3つの密接に結びついた価値観」を表現している[5]。場合によってはダイバーシティとインクルージョンを切り離すべきだと考える専門家もいる[6]。主にイギリスなどでは、一部の枠組みで「公平（equity）」の概念を平等（equiality）（英語版）に置き換えて、平等性、多様性、包括性（equality, diversity, inclusion、EDI）という表現を使用している[7][8][9]。その他のバリエーションとしては、diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging、DEIB（多様性、公平性、包括性、帰属意識）[10][11][12]、inclusion and diversity、I&D（ダイバーシティとインクルージョン）[13]、justice, equity, diversity and inclusion、JEDIまたはEDIJ（正義、公平、多様性、包括性）[14][15]、diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility、IDEA、DEIA、DEAI（多様性、公平性、包括性、アクセシビリティ）[16][17][18]などがある。

「多様性（ダイバーシティ）」とは、組織的な職場の中に、アイデンティティやアイデンティティ政治などの意味でさまざまな種類の人が存在することを意味する。アイデンティティとしては、ジェンダー、民族性、性的指向、障害、年齢、文化、社会階級、宗教（英語版）、意見などが含まれる[5][19]。

「公平性（エクイティ）」とは、公平な報酬や実質的な平等（英語版）など、公平性と正義の概念を意味する[19]。より具体的には、公平性には通常、社会的格差や資源の配分へ焦点を当てることが含まれ、「歴史的に不利な立場にあった集団に意思決定権限を与えること」や[20]、「その人固有の状況を考慮して、最終的な結果が平等になるようにするため、個人に応じて扱いを調整すること」も含まれる[5]。

「包括性（インクルージョン）」とは、帰属意識と一体感という意味で[19][21]「すべての従業員が自分の声を聞いてもらえていると感じる」経験を生み出す組織文化を構築することを意味する[5]。

DEIという言葉は、ダイバーシティ研修（英語版）などの特定の「トレーニング」の取り組みを説明するために最も頻繁に使われる。DEIは企業研修の一形態として最もよく知られているが、学術団体、学校、病院などのさまざまな種類の組織内でも導入されている[22][23]。 長期的な持続性の観点から、DEIはESG（環境・社会・ガバナンス）の1つの要素としても捉えらている[24]。

近年、DEIの取り組みや政策が批判を受けており、その中にはダイバーシティ研修（英語版）などのDEIのツールの特定の有効性に向けられたもの、言論の自由や学問の自由への影響、さらには政治的または哲学的な理由によるより広範な批判もある。

関連項目

出典

  1. ^ “多様性・公平性・包括性”. www.protiviti.com. 2024年8月13日閲覧。
  2. ^ “DEIとは？　注目される背景や経緯、企業事例を社労士が解説”. 朝日新聞 (2023年9月15日). 2024年12月27日閲覧。
  3. ^ “DE&Iとは　多様な人材を受け入れ、公平な処遇と参加を促す考え方”. 日本経済新聞 (2024年4月9日). 2024年12月27日閲覧。
  4. ^ “"DEI" — on Dictionary.com” (英語). dictionary.com. 2023年3月25日閲覧。
  5. ^ a b c d “What is diversity, equity, and inclusion?”. McKinsey & Company (17 August 2022). 25 March 2023閲覧。
  6. ^ Marabelli, Marco; Zaza, Sam; Masiero, Silvia; Chudoba, Kathy; Li, Lydia (2023). “Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the AIS: Challenges and opportunities of remote conferences”. Information Systems Journal 33 (6): 1370–1395. doi:10.1111/isj.12458. 
  7. ^ “"EDI" in Collins Dictionary”. Collins. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  8. ^ “What does equality, diversity, and inclusion mean?”. University of Edinburgh (14 June 2022). 25 March 2023閲覧。
  9. ^ “"EDI" in Cambridge Dictionary”. dictionary.cambridge.org. Cambridge University Press. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  10. ^ Read, Bridget (26 May 2021). “Inside the Booming Diversity-Equity-and-Inclusion Industrial Complex” (英語). The Cut. https://www.thecut.com/article/diversity-equity-inclusion-industrial-companies.html 21 September 2022閲覧。 
  11. ^ “DIVERSITY, EQUITY, INCLUSION AND BELONGING (DEIB)”. bi.edu. BI Norwegian Business School. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  12. ^ “The Office of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging”. University of Kansas. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  13. ^ “What is Inclusion & Diversity?”. The Insurance Institute of London. 18 July 2024閲覧。
  14. ^ Hammond, J. W.; Brownell, Sara E.; Kedharnath, Nita A.; Cheng, Susan J.; Byrd, W. Carson (23 September 2021). “Why the Term 'JEDI' Is Problematic for Describing Programs That Promote Justice, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion”. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-term-jedi-is-problematic-for-describing-programs-that-promote-justice-equity-diversity-and-inclusion/ 25 March 2023閲覧。 
  15. ^ “Office of Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Justice (EDIJ)”. Lesley University. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  16. ^ “Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access (IDEA)”. Indiana Arts Commission (30 April 2018). 25 March 2023閲覧。
  17. ^ “Definitions of Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, and Inclusion”. American Alliance of Museums. https://www.aam-us.org/programs/diversity-equity-accessibility-and-inclusion/facing-change-definitions/ 25 March 2023閲覧。 
  18. ^ “Executive Order on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce”. whitehouse.gov. (25 June 2021). https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/06/25/executive-order-on-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-accessibility-in-the-federal-workforce/ 25 March 2023閲覧。 
  19. ^ a b c Alfonseca, Kiara (10 February 2023). “DEI: What does it mean and what is its purpose?”. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/US/dei-programs/story?id=97004455 25 March 2023閲覧。 
  20. ^ “Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Definitions”. University of Washington. 25 March 2023閲覧。
  21. ^ “Diversity, Equity & Inclusion” (英語). Code for America. 2022年3月23日閲覧。
  22. ^ Grubbs, Vanessa (2020-07-23). “Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion That Matter”. New England Journal of Medicine 383 (4): e25. doi:10.1056/NEJMpv2022639. PMID 32649073. 
  23. ^ Rosenkranz, Kari M.; Arora, Tania K.; Termuhlen, Paula M.; Stain, Steven C.; Misra, Subhasis; Dent, Daniel; Nfonsam, Valentine (July 2021). “Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Medicine: Why It Matters and How do We Achieve It?”. Journal of Surgical Education 78 (4): 1058–1065. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.11.013. PMID 33279427. 
  24. ^ Llopis, Glenn. “ESG And DEI: Why They Matter For Long-Term Sustainability” (英語). Forbes. 2025年1月4日閲覧。

参考文献

→「アファーマティブ・アクション#参考文献（英語版）」を参照
  • Abawi, Zuhra E., and Ann E. Lopez, eds. The Effectiveness of Educational Policy for Bias-Free Teacher Hiring: Critical Insights to Enhance Diversity in the Canadian Teacher Workforce (Routledge, 2021)
  • Abu-Laban, Yasmeen, and Christina Gabriel. Selling diversity: Immigration, multiculturalism, employment equity, and globalization (U of Toronto Press, 2002), DEI in Canada online; see symposium on the book at Canadian Ethnic Studies 55.1 (2023): 125-145.
  • Anand, Rohini. Leading Global Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (2021), for multinational companies
  • Anderson, Terry H. The pursuit of fairness: a history of affirmative action (Oxford University Press, 2004), a standard scholarly history.
  • April, Kurt. "The new diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) realities and challenges." HR: The new agenda (2021): 119-132. online
  • Arsel, Zeynep, David Crockett, and Maura L. Scott. "Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the Journal of Consumer Research: A curation and research agenda." Journal of Consumer Research 48.5 (2022): 920-933. online
  • Barnett, Rachel. "Leading with meaning: Why diversity, equity, and inclusion matters in US higher education." Perspectives in Education 38.2 (2020): 20-35. online
  • Bendl, Regina, et al. eds. The Oxford handbook of diversity in organizations (Oxford UP, 2015) online
  • Byrd, Marilyn Y., and Chaunda L. Scott, eds. Diversity in the workforce: Current issues and emerging trends. (2024).online
  • Davis, Dr. Shirley. Diversity, Equity & Inclusion For Dummies (2022), wide-ranging manual to help new DEI officials in corporations.
  • Dobbin, Frank. Inventing equal opportunity (Princeton UP, 2009), scholarly history argues that Congress and the courts followed the lead of programs created by corporations.
  • "Elkins, Caroline, Frances Frei, and Anne Morriss. "Critics of D.E.I. Forget That It Works: Guest Essay," New York Times Jan 21, 2024.
  • Iyer, Aarti. "Understanding advantaged groups' opposition to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies: The role of perceived threat." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 16.5 (2022): e12666. online
  • Kraus, Michael W., Brittany Torrez, and LaStarr Hollie. "How narratives of racial progress create barriers to diversity, equity, and inclusion in organizations." Current opinion in psychology 43 (2022): 108-113. online
  • Monea, Nino. "Next on the Chopping Block: The Litigation Campaign against Race-Conscious Policies Beyond Affirmative Action in University Admissions." (SSRN 4440549, 2023) online
  • Nakamura, Brent K., and Lauren B. Edelman. "Bakke at 40: How diversity matters in the employment context." UC Davis Law Review 52 (2018): 2627-2679. online
  • Pierce, Jennifer. Racing for innocence: Whiteness, gender, and the backlash against affirmative action (Stanford University Press, 2012).online
  • Portocarrero, Sandra, and James T. Carter. "Diversity initiatives in the US workplace: A brief history, their intended and unintended consequences." Sociology Compass 16.7 (2022): e13001. online
  • Reza, Fawzia. Diversity and Inclusion in Educational Institutions (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2022)
  • Roberson, Quinetta M. ed. The Oxford Handbook of Diversity and Work (2013) online
  • Rubio, Philip F. A History of Affirmative Action, 1619-2000 (University Press of Mississippi, 2001), a Black perspective
  • Russell, Princess M. "From Affirmative Action to Diversity and Inclusion: Exploring Diversification Efforts among African American Faculty at Ivy League Universities in a State of Anti-affirmative Action Regulatory Environment" (EdD dissertation,  Northcentral University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  2022. 28964683).
  • Russen, Michelle, and Mary Dawson. "Which should come first? Examining diversity, equity and inclusion." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 36.1 (2024): 25-40. online
  • Sanger, Catherine Shea et al. eds. International Diversity and Inclusion: Innovative Higher Education in Asia (Palgrave MacMillan. 2020)
  • Schwarzschild, Maimon and Heriot, Gail L. "Race Preferences, Diversity, and Students for Fair Admissions: A New Day, a New Clarity" (January 16, 2024). SMU Law Review, Forthcoming (2024), San Diego Legal Studies Paper No. 24-003, online
  • Sherry, Suzanna. "DEI and Antisemitism: Bred in the Bone" Vanderbilt University Law School Legal Studies Research Paper Series Working Paper Number 24-4 (January 23, 2024). online
  • Smithsimon, Gregory. Liberty Road: Black Middle-Class Suburbs and the Battle Between Civil Rights and Neoliberalism (NYU Press, 2022) online.
  • Soucek, Brian. "Diversity Statements." UC Davis Law Review 55#4 (2021): 1989-2062. Controversy regarding statements required of university faculty. online
  • Stephenson, Jacqueline H. et al eds. Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in Caribbean Organisations and Society: An Exploration of Work, Employment, Education, and the Law (Springer International, 2020)
  • Tatli, Ahu. "A multi‐layered exploration of the diversity management field: diversity discourses, practices and practitioners in the UK." British Journal of Management 22.2 (2011): 238-253.
  • Tavares, Vander, et al. eds. Critical and Creative Engagements with Diversity in Nordic Education (Lexington, 2023)
  • Taylor, Alecia. "3 Ways That Anti-DEI Efforts Are Changing How Colleges Operate" Chronicle of Higher Education (January 18, 2024)
  • Thurber, Timothy M. "Racial Liberalism, Affirmative Action, and the Troubled History of the President's Committee on Government Contracts." Journal of Policy History 18.4 (2006): 446-476.
  • Urofsky, Melvin I. The Affirmative Action Puzzle: A Living History From Reconstruction to Today (2020); online book; also see New York Times book review
  • Weiss, Robert John. "We want jobs: a history of affirmative action" (PhD dissertation, New York University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1985. 8604096).
  • Weiss, Robert J. "Affirmative Action: A Brief History" Journal of intergroup relations (1987), 15#2 p.40-53; ISSN 0047-2492
  • Wood, Peter W. Diversity: The Invention of a Concept (2003) an attack by a conservative anthropologist. online
  • Zamani-Gallaher, Eboni M. The case for affirmative action on campus: Concepts of equity, considerations for practice (Stylus Publishing, 2009), with timeline. online.
  • Varlack, Tiega-Noel (2023). "Bypassing implicit bias training is not a First Amendment right." Daily Journal. August 16, 2023.
  • Varlack,Tiega-Noel (2023). "What I Stand For." Trial. February 2023.

一次情報源

  • Robinson, Jo Ann, ed. Affirmative action: a documentary history (2001)

外部リンク

  • "DEI Legislation Tracker" from Chronicle of Higher Education. - DEI事務所の閉鎖、ダイバーシティ研修の義務化を禁止、大学が採用や昇進にDEIステートメントを使用することを禁止、入学や雇用において人種・性別・民族・国籍を考慮することを禁止する州法を追跡している

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