^Pons, J.-M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.-A. (2005). “Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution37 (3): 686-699. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011.
^Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2024. IOC World Bird List (v14.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.14.1.
^Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/