FAIR原則

FAIR原則（FAIR data principles）とは、オープンデータの適切な公開方法を表現した原則の一つである。

FAIRは「Findable（見つけられる）、Accessible（アクセスできる）、Interoperable（相互運用できる）、Reusable（再利用できる）」の略であり[1]、それぞれの条項ごとに、より詳しい小項目（F1、F2、F3、F4など）が設定されている。国際的なデータ共有の原則として広まりつつある。

FAIR原則の公開サイト

FAIR原則の条項は以下のサイトから英語で公開されているが、各サイトによって内容や表現に違いがある[2]。

FAIR原則の条文

議論反映版の日本語訳を以下に示す[2]。F1.の冒頭のようにメタデータとデータ両方に適用する内容である場合は、文中で（メタ）データと記述されている[3]。

To be Findable: (見つけられるために)

  • F1.　（メタ）データが、グローバルに一意で永続的な識別子（ID）を有すること。
  • F2.　データがメタデータによって十分に記述されていること。
  • F3.　（メタ）データが検索可能なリソースとして、登録もしくはインデックス化されていること。
  • F4.　メタデータが、データの識別子（ID）を明記していること。

To be Accessible: (アクセスできるために)

  • A1.　標準化された通信プロトコルを使って、（メタ）データを識別子（ID）により入手できること。
  • A1.1　そのプロトコルは公開されており、無料で、実装に制限が無いこと。
  • A1.2　そのプロトコルは必要な場合は、認証や権限付与の方法を提供できること。
  • A2.　データが利用不可能となったとしても、メタデータにはアクセスできること。

To be Interoperable: (相互運用できるために)

  • I1.　（メタ）データの知識表現のため、形式が定まっていて、到達可能であり、共有されていて、広く適用可能な記述言語を使うこと。
  • I2.　（メタ）データがFAIR原則に従う語彙を使っていること。
  • I3.　（メタ）データは、他の（メタ）データへの特定可能な参照情報を含んでいること。

To be Re-usable: (再利用できるために)

  • R1.　メタ（データ）が、正確な関連属性を豊富に持つこと。
  • R1.1　（メタ）データが、明確でアクセス可能なデータ利用ライセンスと共に公開されていること。
  • R1.2　（メタ）データが、その来歴と繋がっていること。
  • R1.3　（メタ）データが、分野ごとのコミュニティの標準を満たすこと。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]
  1. ^ 武田, 英明 (26 October 2016). “研究データ利活用に関する国内活動及び国際動向について”. 第2回 SPARC Japan セミナー. https://www.nii.ac.jp/sparc/event/2016/pdf/20161026_doc6.pdf. 
  2. ^ a b “データ共有の基準としてのFAIR原則”. バイオサイエンスデータベースセンター (2018年4月19日). doi:10.18908/a.2018041901. 2019年11月2日閲覧。
  3. ^ Wilkinson, Mark D.; Dumontier, Michel; Aalbersberg, IJsbrand Jan; Appleton, Gabrielle et al. (15 March 2016). “The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship” (英語). Scientific Data 3: 160018. doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.18. OCLC 961158301. PMC 4792175. PMID 26978244. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4792175/. 

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