3' 非翻訳領域

3' 非翻訳領域は成熟mRNA のコーディング領域の下流にあるタンパク質に翻訳されない領域を指す。

成熟mRNA の構造

3' 非翻訳領域にはmRNA の安定性やタンパク質の翻訳を調節している幾つかの標的（認識）部位が存在している。

  • ポリアデニレーションシグナル（polyadenylation signal：AAUAAA）はmRNA の3' 末端へのpoly(A) 付加のシグナルとなり、poly(A) 付加によってmRNA の安定性を高める[1][2]。
  • タンパク質のmRNA 標的部位であるadenine/uridine-rich elements（AREs）[3]やGU-rich elements[4] 等はmRNA の安定性やタンパク質の翻訳の調節に寄与している。
  • Alu element の繰り返し領域はmRNA に二本鎖構造を取らせ、ADAR 酵素によってアデニンが修飾を受け易くなり、mRNA を細胞核に局在化させる。[5]
  • MiRNA 標的部位によるタンパク質の翻訳抑制またはmRNA の分解[6][7]。

出典

  1. ^ Neilson JR, Sandberg R. "Heterogeneity in mammalian RNA 3' end formation." Exp Cell Res. 2010 May 1;316(8):1357-64. PMID 20211174
  2. ^ Ryan K, Bauer DL. "Finishing touches: post-translational modification of protein factors involved in mammalian pre-mRNA 3' end formation." Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(11):2384-96. PMID 18468939
  3. ^ von Roretz C, Gallouzi IE. "Decoding ARE-mediated decay: is microRNA part of the equation?" J Cell Biol. 2008 Apr 21;181(2):189-94. PMID 18411313
  4. ^ Vlasova IA, Bohjanen PR. "Posttranscriptional regulation of gene networks by GU-rich elements and CELF proteins." RNA Biol. 2008 Oct-Dec;5(4):201-7. PMID 18971639
  5. ^ Chen LL, Carmichael GG. "Gene regulation by SINES and inosines: biological consequences of A-to-I editing of Alu element inverted repeats." Cell Cycle. 2008 Nov 1;7(21):3294-301. PMID 18948735
  6. ^ Chen K, Song F, Calin GA, Wei Q, Hao X, Zhang W. "Polymorphisms in microRNA targets: a gold mine for molecular epidemiology." Carcinogenesis. 2008 Jul;29(7):1306-11. PMID 18477647
  7. ^ Ha M, Pang M, Agarwal V, Chen ZJ. "Interspecies regulation of microRNAs and their targets." Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Nov;1779(11):735-42. PMID 18407843

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