臭化シアン

臭化シアン cyanogen bromide


IUPAC名 cyanobromane bromidonitridocarbon
別称シアン化臭素
識別情報
CAS登録番号	506-68-3
PubChem	10476
ChemSpider	10044
EC番号	208-051-2
RTECS番号	GT2100000
SMILES BrC#N
InChI InChI=1S/CBrN/c2-1-3 Key: ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/CBrN/c2-1-3 Key: ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYAI
特性
化学式	CNBr
モル質量	105.92 g/mol
外観	無色ないし白色の針状結晶
匂い	刺激臭
密度	2.015 g/cm³
融点	52°C
沸点	61.4°C
水への溶解度	加水分解
溶解度	アルコールおよびエーテルに可溶^[1]
蒸気圧	13 kPa (20°C) 16.2 kPa (25°C)
危険性
EU Index	不燃性
主な危険性	強毒性
NFPA 704	0 4 1
許容曝露限界	5 mg/m³
関連する物質
関連するハロゲン化シアン	フッ化シアンシアン化塩素ヨウ化シアン
関連物質	シアン化物
特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。

臭化シアン（しゅうかシアン、英: cyanogen bromide）は、分子式 CNBr で表される無機化合物。臭素とシアンの擬ハロゲン化合物であり、生体高分子領域でペプチド合成などにおいて重要な役割を果たす。

構造、性質

一般にCNBrまたはBrCNの化学式で表される。炭素と窒素の間は三重結合、炭素と臭素の間は単結合となる。極性を持つが水中でイオン化されないため、極性有機溶媒と水の両方に溶ける。臭化シアンは、シアン化ナトリウムと臭素からジシアンを通じて2段階の合成により生成することができる。

{\ce {{2NaCN}+ Br2 -> {C2N2}+ 2 NaBr}}

{\ce {{C2N2}+ Br2 -> 2 CNBr}}

加水分解により、シアン化水素と次亜臭素酸を生じる。

{\ce {{CNBr}+ H2O -> {HCN}+ HBrO}}

生化学

臭化シアンは、たんぱく質の化学的切断に用いられる。たんぱく質のメチオニン残基のカルボキシ基のところでのみ鎖を切断し、メチオニンはホモセリンラクトンに変換される。

安全性

日本の毒物及び劇物取締法では毒物に該当し、ヒトが吸入した場合の最低中毒濃度（TCL0）は16ppm、ラットが吸入した場合の半数致死濃度（LC50）は350ppm。経口・吸入だけではなく皮膚からも吸収される。自体は不燃性であるが、加熱、加水および酸類との接触によりシアン化水素や臭化水素が生じることがある^[2]^[3]^[4]。

脚注

^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398
^ 国際化学物質安全性カード
^ 製品安全データシート (PDF) （大陽日酸）
^ 田村隆明, ed (2009). ライフサイエンス試薬活用ハンドブック. 羊土社. ISBN 978-4-7581-0733-4

表話編歴窒素の化合物
二元化合物	(CN)₂ NBr₃ NCl₃ NF₃ N₂F₂ N₂F₄ NH₃ N₂H₂ N₂H₄ NI₃ NO NO₂ NO₃ N₂O N₂O₃ N₂O₄ N₂O₅ N₂O₆ N₄O₆ N₂S₂ N₂S₄ N₄S₄
三元化合物	B₃N₃H₆ HNO₂ HNO₃ H₂N₂O₂ HOONO HCN NCBr NCCl NCF NCI NH₃•BH₃ NOBr NOCl NO₂Cl NOI NOClO₄ NO₂ClO₄ NOF NO₂F NSF NSF₃
四元・五元化合物	HNCO HOCN HONC NOBF₄ NO₂BF₄ NOHSO₄
カテゴリ

この項目は、化学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:化学／Portal:化学）。

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