^Lambert, D. L. (1992). “Observational Effects of Nucleosynthesis in Evolved Stars”. In Mike G. Edmunds and Roberto J. Terlevich. Elements and the Cosmos. University of Cambridge. pp. 92–109. ISBN0-521-41475-X
^ abKwok, Sun (2000). The origin and evolution of planetary nebulae. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN0-521-62313-8