現代の新植民地主義を定義する上で用いられる古典的な例として、フランスと同国の旧アフリカ植民地の指導者との間に緊密な関係が続いている状態を指す「フランサフリック」が挙げられる。これは、コートジボワールのフェリックス・ウフェ=ボワニ大統領がフランスとアフリカとの良好な関係を示すために用いたのが最初で、当時は肯定的な意味を持っていたが、次第に双方の非対称的な関係を批判する文脈で使われるようになった。特に、1960年からシャルル・ド・ゴール及びジョルジュ・ポンピドゥー両大統領の下でアフリカ問題担当相を務めたジャック・フォカールが、フランサフリックの代表的人物と言われる。この言葉はフランソワ=グザヴィエ・ヴェルシャヴ (en:François-Xavier Verschave) の造語であり、アフリカにおけるフランスの政策を批判した著書の題名 (La Françafrique : Le plus long scandale de la République) として使われた[7]。フォカールの組織網(レゾー、Réseau)は、訳者が補足するところによると、ジャック・シラク大統領に引き継がれている。
1972年にはカメルーンの亡命作家であるモンゴ・ベティが、近年のカメルーンにおける歴史を批判的に綴った『カメルーンを覆う残酷な手-脱植民地化の死体解剖』(Cruel hand on Cameroon, autopsy of a decolonization)を発表。本書では、カメルーンを含む植民地が未だ名実共にフランスの支配下にあり、独立以後の政治的エリートもこの永続的な従属状態を擁護してきたことを明らかにした。
^From the Introduction. Kwame Nkrumah. Neo-Colonialism, The Last Stage of Imperialism. First Published: Thomas Nelson & Sons, Ltd., London (1965). Published in the USA by International Publishers Co., Inc., (1966);
^Wallerstein, p 52: 'It attempted the one serious, collectively agreed upon definition of neocolonialism, the key concept in the armory of the revolutionary core of the movement for African unity.'
Also William D. Graf, review of Yolamu R. Barongo, Neocolonialism and African Politics: a Survey of the Impact of Neocolonialism on African Political Behaviour (1980); Canadian Journal of African Studies, p 601: 'The term itself originated in Africa, probably with Nkrumah, and received collective recognition at the 1961 All-African People's Conference.'
^Ernest Mandel, "Semicolonial Countries and Semi-Industrialised Dependent Countries", New International (New York), No.5, pp.149-175
^ANURADHA M . CHENOY. Soviet new thinking on national liberation movements: continuity and change. pp. 145-162 in Soviet foreign policy in transition. Roger E. Kanet, Deborah Nutter Miner, Tamara J. Resler, International Committee for Soviet and East European Studies. Cambridge University Press, (1992) ISBN 0521413656 see especially pp. 149-50 of the internal definintions of neocolonialism in soviet bloc academia.
^Rosemary Radford Ruether. Christianity and Social Systems: Historical Constructions and Ethical Challenges. Rowman & Littlefield, (2008) ISBN 0742546438 p. 138: "Neocolonialism means that European powers and the United States no longer rule dependent territories directly through their occupying troops and imperial bureaucracy. Rather, they control the area's resources indirectly through business corporations and the financial lending institutions they dominate..."
^Yumna Siddiqi. Anxieties of Empire and the Fiction of Intrigue. Columbia University Press, (2007) ISBN 0231138083 pp.123-124 giving the classical definition limited to US and European colonial powers.
^Thomas R. Shannon. An introduction to the world-system perspective. Second Edition. Westview Press, (1996) ISBN 0813324521 pp. 94-95 classicially defined as a capitalist phenomenon.
^William H. Blanchard. Neocolonialism American style, 1960-2000. Greenwood Publishing Group, (1996) ISBN 0313300135 pp.3-12, definition p.7.
Opoku Agyeman. Nkrumah's Ghana and East Africa: Pan-Africanism and African interstate relations (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1992).
Ankerl, Guy. Global communication without universal civilization. INU societal research. Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN2-88155-004-5
Bill Ashcroft (ed., et al.) The post-colonial studies reader (Routledge, London, 1995).
Yolamu R Barongo. Neocolonialism and African politics: A survey of the impact of neocolonialism on African political behavior (Vantage Press, NY, 1980).
Mongo Beti, Main basse sur le Cameroun. Autopsie d'une décolonisation (1972), new edition La Découverte, Paris 2003 [A classical critique of neocolonialism. Raymond Marcellin, the French Minister of the Interior at the time, tried to prohibit the book. It could only be published after fierce legal battles.]
Kum-Kum Bhavnani. (ed., et al.) Feminist futures: Re-imagining women, culture and development (Zed Books, NY, 2003). See: Ming-yan Lai's "Of Rural Mothers, Urban Whores and Working Daughters: Women and the Critique of Neocolonial Development in Taiwan's Nativist Literature," pp. 209–225.
David Birmingham. The decolonization of Africa (Ohio University Press, 1995).
Charles Cantalupo(ed.). The world of Ngugi wa Thiong'o (Africa World Press, 1995).
Laura Chrisman and Benita Parry (ed.) Postcolonial theory and criticism (English Association, Cambridge, 2000).
Renato Constantino. Neocolonial identity and counter-consciousness: Essays on cultural decolonization (Merlin Press, London, 1978).
George A. W. Conway. A responsible complicity: Neo/colonial power-knowledge and the work of Foucault, Said, Spivak (University of Western Ontario Press, 1996).
Julia V. Emberley. Thresholds of difference: feminist critique, native women's writings, postcolonial theory (University of Toronto Press, 1993).
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ermolov. Trojan horse of neocolonialism: U.S. policy of training specialists for developing countries (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1966).
Thomas Gladwin. Slaves of the white myth: The psychology of neocolonialism (Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1980).
Lewis Gordon. Her Majesty’s Other Children: Sketches of Racism from a Neocolonial Age (Rowman & Littlefield, 1997).
Ankie M. M. Hoogvelt. Globalization and the postcolonial world: The new political economy of development (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
M. B. Hooker. Legal pluralism; an introduction to colonial and neo-colonial laws (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975).
E.M. Kramer (ed.) The emerging monoculture: assimilation and the "model minority" (Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2003). See: Archana J. Bhatt's "Asian Indians and the Model Minority Narrative: A Neocolonial System," pp. 203–221.
Geir Lundestad(ed.) The fall of great powers: Peace, stability, and legitimacy (Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1994).
Jean-Paul Sartre. 'Colonialism and Neocolonialism. Translated by Steve Brewer, Azzedine Haddour, Terry McWilliams Republished in the 2001 edition by Routledge France. ISBN 0415191459.
Stuart J. Seborer. U.S. neocolonialism in Africa (International Publishers, NY, 1974).
D. Simon. Cities, capital and development: African cities in the world economy (Halstead, NY, 1992).
Phillip Singer(ed.) Traditional healing, new science or new colonialism": (essays in critique of medical anthropology) (Conch Magazine, Owerri, 1977).
Jean Suret-Canale. Essays on African history: From the slave trade to neocolonialism (Hurst, London 1988).
Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Barrel of a pen: Resistance to repression in neo-colonial Kenya (Africa Research & Publications Project, 1983).
Carlos Alzugaray Treto. El ocaso de un régimen neocolonial: Estados Unidos y la dictadura de Batista durante 1958,(The twilight of a neocolonial regime: The United States and Batista during 1958), in Temas: Cultura, Ideología y Sociedad, No.16-17, October 1998/March 1999, pp. 29–41 (La Habana: Ministry of Culture).
United Nations (2007). Reports of International Arbitral Awards. XXVII. United Nations Publication. p. 188. ISBN978-92-1-033098-5
Richard Werbner(ed.) Postcolonial identities in Africa (Zed Books, NJ, 1996).
http://www.africahistory.net/imf.htm — IMF: Market Reform and Corporate Globalization, by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Prof. of History and African Studies, Conne. State Univ.