中央母音

母音
前舌 前舌め 中舌 後舌め 後舌
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
ɪ̈ • ʊ̈
ɯ̽ • ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
 • ø̞
ə • ɵ̞
ɤ̞ • 
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
æ • 
ɐ • ɞ̞
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
広めの狭
半狭
中央
半広
狭めの広
記号が二つ並んでいるものは、左が非円唇、右が円唇
国際音声記号 - 母音

中央母音英語: mid vowel)とは、口の開きが狭母音広母音の中間の広さの母音を言う。中舌母音英語: central vowel)とは異なる概念である。

中段母音と呼ぶこともある[1]

国際音声記号

国際音声記号では、母音の広さを基本的に狭母音・半狭母音半広母音・広母音の4段階に分けているため、半狭と半広の中間にあたる中央母音が必要になることはあまりなく、実際に記号が割りあてられているのは中舌非円唇母音の[ə]のみである。

[ə]以外の中央母音、たとえば半狭母音[e]と半広母音[ɛ]のちょうど中間の広さの母音を国際音声記号で厳密表記するには、[e̞]または[ɛ̝]と表記する。通常はひとつの言語で半狭母音・中央母音・半広母音の3つを区別することはほとんどない。国際音声記号の方針として、精密表記が必要な場合以外、なるべく通常のラテン・アルファベットをそのまま使うことになっているため[2][e]のような半狭母音用の記号をそのまま中央母音のために使うことが多い。

脚注

  1. ^ ジェフリー・K・プラム、ウィリアム・A・ラデュサー 著、土田滋、福井玲、中川裕 訳『世界音声記号辞典』三省堂、2003年。ISBN 4385107564 
  2. ^ The International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521637511  5. Broad and narrow transcriptions

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