ヤジディ教徒の虐殺

ヤジディ教徒の虐殺
イラクでの戦い (2013–2017)中
上：国際救済委員会（英語版）の支援を受ける難民
左下：米国国際開発庁の視察団
右下：米空軍C-17に搭載された投下前の支援物資（いずれも2014年8月撮影）
場所 イラク・シンジャール、シリア[1]
日付
2014年8月 – 2017年
標的 ヤジディ教徒
攻撃手段 大量虐殺、民族浄化、強制改宗、強姦、性奴隷化
死亡者 国連によると、約5,000人のヤジディ教徒が死亡[2][3][4]
他の被害者 4,200～10,800人が誘拐、拘束[5]
犯人 ISIL
動機 宗教的迫害、人身売買
防御者
テンプレートを表示

ヤジディ教徒の虐殺（ヤジディきょうとのぎゃくさつ）は、2014年にISILによって行われたイラク北部(主にシンジャール地方)に住むクルド系住民のうちヤズィーディーの教徒に対して行われた一連の虐殺行為[10][11][12]。2千‐5千人がISILによって行われた「強制改宗キャンペーン」[13][14]の中で殺害され、数千人が捕虜、奴隷として連行された。また、2015年までに50万人以上が故郷を追われ難民となった[15][16]。虐殺は、クルディスタン自治政府の軍事組織であるペシュメルガの撤退後に始まった。

ISILによる迫害は国際的に注目を集め、米国を主導に、ISILに対する空爆に端を発するイラク介入に繋がった。米国、英国、オーストラリアはヤズィーディー教徒に空からの緊急投下援助を行った。クルド人民防衛隊およびクルディスタン労働者党の戦闘機はシンジャール山脈に通じる「人道的回廊」を開き、ヤズィーディー教徒を援助した。

国連のいくつかの組織や国家組織などによって、この事件は虐殺と認識されている。

背景

→詳細は「ヤズィーディー」を参照

ヤジディ教はイラク北西部の山岳地帯を中心として信仰されている民俗宗教で、2014年9月時点において50万人が信仰しているとされる[17]。16世紀末から17世紀初頭にかけて、イスラム教徒から悪魔崇拝の宗教と捉えられ[17]、この虐殺においてもISILはヤジディを悪魔崇拝と非難し改宗を強要した[18]。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]

出典

  1. ^ Labott, Elise; Kopan, Tal (17 March 2016). “John Kerry: ISIS responsible for genocide”. CNN. オリジナルの17 March 2016時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20160317121954/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/us-iraq-syria-genocide/index.html 17 March 2016閲覧。 
  2. ^ “4 years ago: the genocide against the Yazidis in northern Iraq (August 3, 2014)” (英語). Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker e.V. (GfbV). 23 April 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。18 May 2019閲覧。
  3. ^ Spencer, Richard (14 October 2014). “Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms” (英語). The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. オリジナルの12 February 2019時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20190212102709/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11160906/Isil-carried-out-massacres-and-mass-sexual-enslavement-of-Yazidis-UN-confirms.html 18 May 2019閲覧。 
  4. ^ Taylor, Lin (9 May 2017). “Nearly 10,000 Yazidis killed, kidnapped by Islamic State in 2014, study finds” (英語). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-yazidis-idUSKBN18527I/ 3 May 2021閲覧。 
  5. ^ Cetorelli, Valeria (9 May 2017). “Mortality and kidnapping estimates for the Yazidi population in the area of Mount Sinjar, Iraq, in August 2014: A retrospective household survey”. PLOS Medicine 14 (5): e1002297. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002297. PMC 5423550. PMID 28486492. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423550/. 
  6. ^ a b Roussinos, Aris (16 August 2014). “'Everywhere Around Is the Islamic State': On the Road in Iraq with YPG Fighters”. VICE News. 24 September 2014時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。30 January 2016閲覧。
  7. ^ a b Pamuk, Humeyra (26 August 2014). “Smugglers and Kurdish militants help Iraq's Yazidis flee to Turkey”. Reuters. オリジナルの18 October 2017時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20171018074836/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-security-turkey-yazidis-idUSKBN0GQ1MX20140826 1 July 2017閲覧。 
  8. ^ a b Shelton, Tracey. “'If it wasn't for the Kurdish fighters, we would have died up there'”. GlobalPost. オリジナルの2 September 2014時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20140902094424/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/middle-east/140827/if-it-wasn-t-the-kurdish-fighters-we-would-have-died-there 30 January 2016閲覧。 
  9. ^ Watson, Ivan; Botelho, Greg (10 August 2014). “Yazidi survivor recalls horror of evading ISIS, death”. CNN. オリジナルの7 February 2016時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20160207042318/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/09/world/meast/yazidi-survivor/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 30 January 2016閲覧。 
  10. ^ Elise Labott; Tal Kopan (17 March 2016). “John Kerry: ISIS responsible for genocide”. CNN. オリジナルの17 March 2016時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20160317121954/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/politics/us-iraq-syria-genocide/index.html 3 August 2021閲覧。 
  11. ^ “UN accuses the "Islamic State" in the genocide of the Yazidis” (ロシア語). BBC Russian Service/BBC (19 March 2015). 3 August 2021閲覧。
  12. ^ “The UN has blamed "Islamic State" in the genocide of the Yazidis”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (19 March 2015). 10 July 2015時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。3 August 2021閲覧。
  13. ^ Arraf, Jane (7 August 2014). “Islamic State persecution of Yazidi minority amounts to genocide, UN says”. The Christian Science Monitor. オリジナルの8 August 2014時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20140808154839/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0807/Islamic-State-persecution-of-Yazidi-minority-amounts-to-genocide-UN-says-video 8 August 2014閲覧。 
  14. ^ Blair, David (6 June 2015). “Isil's Yazidi 'mass conversion' video fails to hide brutal duress”. The Telegraph (London). オリジナルの23 August 2014時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20140823110541/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11049393/Isils-Yazidi-mass-conversion-video-fails-to-hide-brutal-duress.html 24 August 2014閲覧。 
  15. ^ “ISIS Terror: One Yazidi's Battle to Chronicle the Death of a People”. MSNBC. (23 November 2015). オリジナルの16 March 2016時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20160316115552/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-uncovered/isis-terror-one-yazidis-battle-chronicle-death-people-n461566 17 March 2016閲覧。 
  16. ^ Denkinger J.K., Windthorst P., El Sount C.R.-O., Blume M., Sedik H., Kizilhan J.I., Gibbons N., Pham P., Hillebrecht J., Ateia N., Nikendei C., Zipfel S., Junne F. (2017). “The 2014 Yazidi genocide and its effect on Yazidi diaspora”. The Lancet 390 (10106): 1946. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32701-0. PMID 29115224. 
  17. ^ a b “知恵蔵mini 「ヤジディ教」の解説”. コトバンク (2014年10月16日). 2023年4月13日閲覧。
  18. ^ 高野裕介「（ヤジディ教徒の悲劇　ＩＳの暴虐の果て：１）「お前は奴隷だ」壊れた１４歳の未来」『朝日新聞』2023年3月14日。2023年4月13日閲覧。
スタブアイコン

この項目は、戦争に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（P:戦争/PJ軍事史）。

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