ペルオキシソーム

ペルオキシソーム: peroxisome)はほぼ全ての真核細胞が持つ細胞小器官で、多様な物質の酸化反応を行っている。一重の生体膜に包まれた直径0.1-2マイクロメートルの器官で、多くは球形を成す。哺乳類細胞では数百から数千個が一細胞内に存在する。環境や細胞によって必要とされる機能が異なるため、数大きさ構造等様々に異なる。発見当初はミクロ(マイクロ)ボディとも呼ばれたが、後に機能に基づいた名称が提案され現在ではそれが広く受け入れられている。また、ミクロソームという似た名称の物があるが、ミクロソームは細胞をホモジェナイズした際に断片化された膜器官(主に小胞体)が再び閉じて形成された小胞であり、両者は異なる。

ペルオキシソームの関わる代謝経路には、超長鎖脂肪酸ベータ酸化コレステロール胆汁酸の合成[1]アミノ酸プリンの代謝などが知られ、これらは内腔に含まれるオキシダーゼによって行われる。オキシダーゼの働きによって活性酸素の一種である過酸化水素が発生するが、これは同様に内腔に含まれるカタラーゼによって分解される。

ペルオキシソームは、リソソームゴルジ体等の細胞小器官と異なり、小胞輸送を利用せず、細胞質から直接蛋白質を取り込み成長し、ミトコンドリアのように分裂して増殖すると考えられてきた。しかし、構成蛋白質が小胞体を経由するという報告もあり、小胞体起源で形成される過程も存在する可能性が高まっている。

緑色植物のペルオキシソーム

植物にはグリオキシソーム、緑葉ペルオキシソーム、と呼ばれるペルオキシソームが存在する。グリオキシソームは植物の貯蔵組織に見られ、グリオキシル酸回路種子に含まれる脂質からグルコースを作り出している。緑葉ペルオキシソームは葉緑体近傍に存在し、葉緑体・ミトコンドリアとともに光呼吸の代謝を担っている。光照射によってグリオキシソームから緑葉ペルオキシソームへの機能転換が起きることが知られている。これら以外にいくつか異なったペルオキシソームが存在し、その他のミクロボディと呼ばれることもあるようだ。

遺伝病

ペルオキシソームの機能異常を引き起こす2-30の遺伝病が知られている。これらを大きく2種類に 分類すると、一つはペルオキシソームの生合成過程に異常が起きる物、もう一つはペルオキシソームに含まれる酵素の機能が阻害される物に分けられる。X染色体上に原因遺伝子が位置する副腎白質ジストロフィー (ALD) は後者の代表的な疾患であり、前者にはZellweger症候群 (Zellweger syndrome等が含まれる。

脚注

  1. ^ Faust, Phyllis L.; Kovacs, Werner J. (2014-03-01). “Cholesterol biosynthesis and ER stress in peroxisome deficiency”. Biochimie 98: 75–85. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.019. ISSN 0300-9084. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908413003908. 

関連項目

Read other articles:

SampungKecamatanPeta lokasi Kecamatan SampungNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TimurKabupatenPonorogoPemerintahan • Camat-Populasi • Total35.200 jiwaKode Kemendagri35.02.14 Kode BPS3502150 Luas80,61 km²[1]Desa/kelurahan12 Sampung adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Ponorogo, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kecamatan ini berjarak sekitar 23 kilometer[2] dari ibu kota Kabupaten Ponorogo ke arah barat laut. Pusat pemerintahannya berada di desa Sampung. K...

 

Town in Virginia, United StatesTown of Chilhowie, VirginiaTown SealChilhowieLocation in the Commonwealth of VirginiaShow map of VirginiaChilhowieChilhowie (the United States)Show map of the United StatesCoordinates: 36°48′0″N 81°40′52″W / 36.80000°N 81.68111°W / 36.80000; -81.68111CountryUnited StatesStateVirginiaCountySmythGovernment • MayorGary HeningerArea[1] • Total2.57 sq mi (6.66 km2) • Land2...

 

Selection of Republican US presidential candidate 1936 Republican Party presidential primaries ← 1932 March 10 to May 19, 1936 1940 →   Candidate William Borah Alf Landon Frank Knox Home state Idaho Kansas Illinois Contests won 5 3 1 Popular vote 1,478,676 729,908 527,054 Percentage 44.5% 21.9% 15.8% First place finishes by popular vote   William Borah (5)   Alfred Landon (3)   Frank Knox (1)   Earl Warren (1) &...

Philippine noodle dish KinalasKinalas dish from Bicol RegionAlternative namesPancit kinalasCourseMain dishPlace of originPhilippinesRegion or stateBicol RegionServing temperatureHotMain ingredientsNoodles, pork or beef head meat, pork or beef brains, spicesSimilar dishesBatchoy  Media: Kinalas Kinalas is a Bicol dish consisting of noodles (pancit) garnished by scraped meat from pork or beef's head and other parts, enhanced with a thick deep-brown sauce coming from the brains of a cow...

 

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Bendungan. Bendung yang sering disalah artikan oleh orang awam sebagai bendungan Sebuah bendung di sungai Humber dekat Raymore Park, Toronto, Ontario Bendung di Bogor, Jawa Barat Bendung atau Tebat[1] adalah pembatas yang dibangun melintasi sungai yang dibangun untuk mengubah karakteristik aliran sungai. Dalam banyak kasus, bendung merupakan sebuah kontruksi yang jauh lebih kecil dari bendungan yang menyebabkan air menggenang membentuk kolam tetapi mampu mel...

 

Argentinos JuniorsNama lengkapAsociación Atlética Argentinos JuniorsJulukanBichos Colorados (Kumbang Merah) El Semillero (Rumput Taman)Berdiri15 Agustus 1904; 119 tahun lalu (1904-08-15)StadionStadion Diego Armando Maradona,La Paternal, Buenos Aires(Kapasitas: 26,000)KetuaCristian MalaspinaManajerGabriel MilitoLigaDivisi Utama Argentina202114 Klasemen Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Argentinos Juniors adalah klub sepak bola Argentina yang berbasis di kota La Paternal, Bueno...

Canadian philosopher (1936–2023) Ian HackingCC FRSC FBAHacking in 2009Born(1936-02-18)February 18, 1936Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaDiedMay 10, 2023(2023-05-10) (aged 87)Toronto, Ontario, CanadaAlma materUniversity of British ColumbiaTrinity College, CambridgeSpouses Laura Anne Leach ​(divorced)​ Nancy Cartwright ​(divorced)​ Judith Baker ​(died 2014)​Children3Era20th-century philosophyRegionWe...

 

Former Belgian athlete Jacques BorléeJacques BorléePersonal informationBorn27 September 1957 (1957-09-27) (age 66)Stanleyville, Belgian Congo Medal record Men's athletics Representing  Belgium European Athletics Indoor Championships 1983 Budapest 200 m Jacques Borlée (born 27 September 1957) is a former Belgian athlete, and the father and coach of athletes Olivia Borlée (b. 1986), Kevin (b. 1988), Jonathan (b. 1988) and Dylan Borlée (b. 1992). He was voted European Athleti...

 

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Norwegian. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Norwegian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the Engli...

844 battle of the Arab-Byzantine Wars Battle of MauropotamosPart of the Arab–Byzantine WarsMap of Byzantine Asia Minor and the Byzantine-Arab frontier region ca. 842Date844LocationMauropotamos, Asia MinorResult Abbasid victoryBelligerents Abbasid CaliphateEmirate of Melitene Byzantine EmpireCommanders and leaders Abu Sa'id Muhammad b Yusuf Umar al-Aqta Theoktistos vteArab–Byzantine warsEarly conflicts Mu'tah Balqa Firaz Dathin The Levant Marj Rahit al-Qaryatayn Bosra Ajnadayn Yaqusa Marj ...

 

24 Heures du Mans 1923 Tracé du circuit en 1923.Généralités Sport Endurance automobile Organisateur(s) Automobile Club de l'Ouest Édition 1re Lieu(x) Le Mans France Date 26 et 27 mai 1923 Participants 33 Site(s) Circuit des 24 Heures Site web officiel www.24h-lemans.com Palmarès Vainqueur Chenard et Walcker Sport no 9 (pas de nom d'équipe) Deuxième Chenard et Walcker Sport no 10 (pas de nom d'équipe) Troisième Bignan 11HP Desmo Sport no 23 (pas de nom d'équipe) Navi...

 

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (أبريل 2024) منتخب ماليزيا لهوكي الحقل للرجال البلد ماليزيا  التصنيف بوابة المرأة بوابة �...

Civilian office in the US Department of the Navy Assistant Secretary of the Navy forManpower and Reserve AffairsSeal of the Department of the NavyIncumbentFranklin R. Parkersince January 18, 2023StyleMr. SecretaryThe Honorable(formal address in writing)Reports toSecretary of the NavyUnder Secretary of the NavySeatThe Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, United StatesNominatorThe President with Senate advice and consentTerm lengthNo fixed termConstituting instrument10. U.S.C. § 8016Form...

 

Albanian-German singer and songwriter Ardian BujupiBujupi in 2019Background informationBorn (1991-04-28) 28 April 1991 (age 33)Pristina, KosovoOriginHeidelberg, Germany / AlbanianOccupation(s)SingersongwriterYears active2011–presentLabelsColumbia[1]Musical artist Ardian Bujupi (Albanian pronunciation: [aɾdiˈan buˈjupi]; born 27 April 1991) is a German-Albanian singer and songwriter. Born in Kosovo, he moved to Germany at a young age and he has been living there ever ...

 

United Kingdom emergency legislation United Kingdom legislationHealth Protection (Coronavirus, Business Closure) (England) Regulations 2020Statutory InstrumentCitation2020 No. 327Introduced byMatt Hancock, Secretary of State for Health and Social CareTerritorial extent EnglandDatesMade21 March 2020Laid before Parliament23 March 2020Commencement21 March 2020 (2020-03-21)Revoked26 March 2020 (2020-03-26)Other legislationMade underPublic Health (Control of Dise...

Vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 Mike PenceOfficial portrait, 201748th Vice President of the United StatesIn officeJanuary 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021PresidentDonald TrumpPreceded byJoe BidenSucceeded byKamala Harris50th Governor of IndianaIn officeJanuary 14, 2013 – January 9, 2017LieutenantSue EllspermannEric HolcombPreceded byMitch DanielsSucceeded byEric HolcombMember of theU.S. House of Representativesfrom IndianaIn officeJanuary 3, 2001...

 

Canadian politician William McGregorPersonal detailsBorn(1836-06-24)24 June 1836Sarnia, Upper CanadaDied14 May 1903(1903-05-14) (aged 66)WindsorSpouse Jessie L. Peden ​(m. 1866)​ChildrenGordon McGregorOccupation Businessman Politician William McGregor (June 24, 1836 – May 14, 1903) was a Canadian businessman and political figure. He represented Essex in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1874 to 1878 and from 1891 to 1900. He was bo...

 

American baseball player (born 1996) Baseball player Jackson KowarKowar with the Omaha Storm Chasers in 2023Seattle Mariners – No. 37PitcherBorn: (1996-10-04) October 4, 1996 (age 27)Weddington, North Carolina, U.S.Bats: RightThrows: RightMLB debutJune 7, 2021, for the Kansas City RoyalsMLB statistics (through 2023 season)Win–loss record2–6Earned run average9.12Strikeouts75 Teams Kansas City Royals (2021–2023) Jackson Alexander Kowar (born October 4, 1996) is an Am...

Mesin KD ToyotaPembuatToyota Motor CorporationProduksi2000-sekarangPendahuluMesin KZ ToyotaPenerusMesin GD ToyotaKonfigurasi4 silinder Mesin KD Toyota adalah mesin diesel yang diproduksi oleh Toyota sejak tahun 2000. 1KD-FTV 1KD-FTV diluncurkan tahun 2000. 1KD-FTV memiliki kapasitas silinder 3.0L (2982cc) 4 segaris common rail dengan variable geometry turbocharger dan Intercooler. Diameter x langkah 96 x 103 mm. Menghasilkan tenaga 172.72 hp (127 kW) pada 3400 rpm, dengan torsi 260 lbf·...

 

1912 painting by Henri Matisse GoldfishArtistHenri MatisseYear1912MediumOil on canvasDimensions140 cm × 98 cm (55 in × 39 in)LocationPushkin Museum, Moscow Goldfish is an oil-on-canvas still life painting by French visual artist Henri Matisse. Painted in 1912, Goldfish was part of a series that Matisse produced between the spring and early summer of 1912. Background In the early 1900s, Matisse established himself as a leader of the Fauvism art movem...