ベニノキ

ベニノキ
ベニノキの花
分類
: 植物界 Plantae
: 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
: 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida
亜綱 : ビワモドキ亜綱 Dilleniidae
: スミレ目 Violales
: ベニノキ科 Bixaceae
: ベニノキ属 Bixa
: ベニノキ B. orellana
学名
Bixa orellana L.
和名
ベニノキ(紅の木)
英名
Achiote

ベニノキ(紅の木; 学名: Bixa orellana)は、ベニノキ科に属する熱帯アメリカ原産の常緑低木で、種子から食用色素アナトーをとるため熱帯各地で栽培される。

果実は毛の生えた赤い蒴果で、多数の種子を含む。種子の周囲の仮種皮は赤橙色で、これからアナトーを抽出する。またラテンアメリカフィリピンなどでは高価なサフランの代用品として、種子をそのまま香辛料着色料として用いる。メソアメリカ地域のマヤ系先住民族の代表的な料理である「カルド」と呼ばれるスープも、アナトーの種子をすり潰したもので赤く着色される。アマゾン川流域などの原住民が古くから化粧ボディペインティングに利用した。現在は食用色素(食品添加物)や口紅に利用される。また葉や種子を民間薬として用いたり、ロープ用繊維をとったりする。

リンネの『植物の種』(1753年) で記載された植物の一つである[1]

ギャラリー

脚注

  1. ^ Linnaeus, Carolus (1753) (ラテン語). Species Plantarum. Holmia[Stockholm]: Laurentius Salvius. p. 512. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358531 

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