ハブソウ

ハブソウ
ハブソウ
分類（APG III）
界 : 植物界 Plantae
階級なし : 被子植物 angiosperms
階級なし : 真正双子葉類 eudicots
目 : マメ目 Fabales
科 : マメ科 Fabaceae
亜科 : ジャケツイバラ亜科 Caesalpinioideae
属 : センナ属 Senna
学名
Senna occidentalis
(L.) Link (1831)
シノニム

Cassia occidentalis L.
C. torosa auct. non Cav.

和名
ハブソウ
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ハブソウに関連するカテゴリがあります。
ウィキスピーシーズにハブソウに関する情報があります。

ハブソウ（波布草、槐葉柄[1]、Senna occidentalis）は、マメ科ジャケツイバラ亜科[2]センナ属の一年草。原産地は、アメリカ合衆国南部から熱帯アメリカにかけて。日本には江戸時代に毒虫や毒蛇、とくにハブに咬まれたときの民間薬として導入されたために、この名前がある。現在、南西諸島や小笠原諸島では、帰化植物となっている。

特徴

茎は直立して草丈60-120cmくらいになり、全草無毛である。葉は、8〜12枚の小葉からなる羽状複葉で、この葉が、虫や蛇の毒を緩和するとされる。花は夏に、茎の先の方の葉腋から総状花序を出し、一つの花序に数輪の黄色い花が咲く。花はマメ科特有の蝶形花ではなく、いびつな五弁花である。その後に、幅数ミリ、長さ10cmくらいの平たいさやができる。

漢名は望江南（ぼうこうなん）というが、比較的新しい渡来種のため、漢方薬に配剤されることはない。この種子を炒ったものを、「ハブ茶」というが、現在健康食品として売られているものは、同属で別種のエビスグサの種子、漢方名決明子（けつめいし）である。

同属で別種のエビスグサよりも葉先がとがる。鞘の付き方もエビスグサは湾曲して垂れ下がるのに対し、ハブソウは水平よりも上を向く。などの点で区別できる。

ハブソウは、花が比較的大きく、美しいので、切り花用に栽培されることもある。

  • ハブソウの葉
    ハブソウの葉
  • ハブソウの茎
    ハブソウの茎

脚注

  1. ^ 『日本難訓難語大辞典』遊子館、2007年。 
  2. ^ クロンキスト体系ではジャケツイバラ科とする。
スタブアイコン

この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:植物／Portal:植物）。

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