Tholobate

A tholobate (from Greek: θολοβάτης, romanized: tholobates, lit. 'dome pedestal'), drum or tambour is the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised.^[1] It is generally in the shape of a cylinder or a polygonal prism. The name derives from the tholos, the Greek term for a round building with a roof and a circular wall. Another architectural meaning of "drum" is a circular section of a column shaft

Examples

In the earlier Byzantine church architecture the dome rested directly on the pendentives and the windows were pierced in the dome itself; in later examples, between the pendentive and the dome an intervening circular wall was built in which the windows were pierced. This is the type which was universally employed by the architects of the Renaissance, of whose works the best-known example is St. Peter's Basilica at Rome. Other examples of churches of this type are St Paul's Cathedral in London and the churches of the Les Invalides, the Val-de-Grâce, and the Sorbonne in Paris.^[1]

There are also secular buildings with tholobates: the United States Capitol dome in Washington, D.C. is set on a drum, a feature imitated in numerous American state capitols. The Panthéon in Paris is another secular building featuring a dome on a drum. St Paul's Cathedral and the Panthéon were the two inspirations for the U.S. Capitol.^{[citation needed]} In contrast, the dome of the Reichstag building in Berlin before its post-war restoration was a quadrilateral, so its tholobate was square and not round.

Gallery

The Reichstag in Berlin ca. 1894, with a square tholobate
Tholobate atop Kingston City Hall in Canada
Tholobate on Harichavank Monastery in Armenia
A row of Greek column drums (unfinished), at the Temple of Apollo, Didyma

References

^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tholobate". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 862.