ハコクラゲ

箱虫綱
ハコクラゲ
分類
界 : 動物界 Animalia
門 : 刺胞動物門 Cnidaria
綱 : 箱虫綱 Cubozoa
学名
Cubozoa
Werner, 1975
英名
Box Jellyfish

ハコクラゲ（箱水母）は、刺胞動物門箱虫綱に属する水生無脊椎動物である。その名の通り箱型の傘を持つクラゲであり、立方クラゲとも呼ばれる。基本的特徴は鉢虫綱（Scyphozoa）に属するクラゲと共通であるが、固有の特徴として傘の縁に水管の通った擬縁膜を持ち、触手の基部が葉状体と呼ばれるひれ状の組織になっている。

生活環ではポリプ世代を持つが、ごく小型の単体性のものである。また、これからクラゲ型を生ずる際に、ストロビラへと変化せずに、ポリプ一つが全体としてクラゲに変態する。この特徴はハコクラゲ類に特有のもので、刺胞動物中では他に例がない。 ただしヒクラゲなどの一部の種は、鉢虫綱などと同様にストロビラ化することがわかっている。

毒クラゲ

ハコクラゲ類は、刺胞動物の中でも毒性が際立って強い種類を多く含んでおり（例えばアンドンクラゲ、ハブクラゲ、Alatina alata など）、｢毒クラゲ｣として現地の人々や海水浴客から恐れられている。

毒の成分は高分子タンパク質から成る数種類の毒が混合したものであり、クラゲの種類によって成分に多少の差異はあるものの、その多くが非常に高い毒性を持つ。

中でもオーストラリア北部に生息するオーストラリアウンバチクラゲの毒性は強烈で、記録によると1884年以降少なくとも5,567人が本種に刺され命を落としている[1]。

また、オーストラリア近海にはイルカンジクラゲ（Carukia barnesi、Malo kingi ）と呼ばれるハコクラゲ類も生息しており、こちらも致命的な毒性を持っている。これらのクラゲに刺されるとイルカンジ症候群と呼ばれる深刻な症状が引き起こされる。

分類

2目に8科18属45種が属する[2]。

アンドンクラゲ目 Carybdeida

ネッタイアンドンクラゲ目 Chirodropida

脚注

  1. ^ Williamson JA, Fenner P J, Burnett JW, Rifkin J., ed (1996). Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook. Surf Life Saving Australia and University of New South Wales Press Ltd. ISBN 0-86840-279-6 
  2. ^ "Cubozoa". World Register of Marine Species. 2015年8月8日閲覧。

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