チミジン

チミジン
チミジン
一般情報
IUPAC名 チミジン
別名 dT
分子式 C10H14N2O5
分子量 242.229
形状
CAS登録番号 50-89-5
SMILES CC1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2CC(C(O2)CO)O
性質

チミジン (Thymidine)[1]ピリミジンデオキシヌクレオシドのひとつである。チミジンはDNAヌクレオシド(記号 dT[2])であり、DNAの二重鎖ではデオキシアデノシン (dA) と対を形成する。細胞生物学的には細胞周期G1期/S期初期に同期するために使用される。

構造および性質

チミジンはデオキシリボース五炭糖の一種)がピリミジン塩基のチミンに接続した構造である。

チミジンはモノ、ジ、トリリン酸化されて、対応する dTMP, dTDP, dTTP を生成する。

固体の形状では白い微細な結晶か結晶性の粉末であり、分子量は242.299、融点は185℃。常温常圧環境下ではチミジンはとても安定である。

チミジンの毒性は知られておらず、生体やDNAウイルスなど天然に存在するDNAの4つのヌクレオシドの1つである。RNAには、チミジンの代わりにウリジンウラシルリボースに接続したもの)が含まれる。ウラシルの化学的性質はチミン、すなわち5-メチルウラシルと非常に似通っている。チミンヌクレオチドは、RNA前駆体ではなく、DNA前駆体であるため、前置辞のdがつけられることがある[3]

チミジンアナログ

チミジンアナログを以下に示す。

  1. ^ デオキシリボシルチミン (deoxyribosylthymine) やチミンデオキシリボシド (thymine deoxyriboside) と命名されることもある。
  2. ^ Abbreviations and Symbols for Nucleic Acids, Polynucleotides and their Constituents N-1.1
  3. ^ "deoxy"は酸素基を取ったという意味で、デオキシリボースを意味するdとは意味が異なる。しかし、"deoxy"と"d"はよく取り違えられ、チミジンとデオキシチミジンは同一物を意味することが多い。

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