チェリク・テムル

チェリク・テムルモンゴル語: Čerik temür、生没年不詳)は、大元ウルスに仕えた将軍の一人。

元史』などの漢文史料における漢字表記は徹里帖木児(chèlǐ tièmùér)。

概要

チェリク・テムルは中央アジアのアルグン部の出で、祖父はモンゴル帝国に仕えて戦功を立てた名家の出であった。チェリク・テムルは幼いころから大志があり、ケシクテイ(宿衛)に入った後、中書直省舎人に任命された。この頃、朝廷ではテムデルが皇太后ダギの信任を得て専権を振るっており、生殺与奪を握られた高官たちは敢えてテムデルに逆らうことはなかった。しかしチェリク・テムルは果敢にもテムデルを堂々と批判したため、これを恨んだテムデルは水害によって塩課に大損害が出た山東転運司副使に任命したが、チェリク・テムルはこれを大過なく勤め上げ刑部尚書に移った[1]

南坡の変天暦の内乱といった政変を経て天暦2年(1329年)にジャヤガトゥ・カアン(文宗トク・テムル)が即位すると、チェリク・テムルは中書右丞、ついで平章政事に任じられて中央の高官とされた。その後、更に河南行省平章政事に転任となり、この頃決壊した黄河流域の復興に務めた。飢饉に陥った民のため官倉から食料を供給した際には、自ら法を破ったことをジャヤガトゥ・カアンに申告したが、これを聞いたジャヤガトゥ・カアンはかえって喜び、龍衣を賜ったという[2]

至順元年(1330年)、雲南方面でバイクが叛乱を起こすという事件が起こり、チェリク・テムルは討伐を命じられた。チェリク・テムル率いる軍団は規律正しく民を虐げるようなことはなく、また叛乱平定後にチェリク・テムルは賞賜を尽く将士に分け与えたという。その後、上都留守・江浙行省平章政事を経て御史大夫に任じられ、再び地方から中央に戻った[3]

後至元元年(1335年)、中書平章政事の地位に移り、この頃朝廷を牛耳っていたバヤンとともに科挙廃止を主導した。『元史』チェリク・テムル伝にはこの時科挙廃止に反対した許有壬とバヤンの論争が詳細に記録されている[4]。許有壬の反対にもかかわらず科挙の廃止は実行されたが、後にバヤンが失脚した後に再び復活されている[5]

その後、チェリク・テムルは妻の弟の娘を我が物としたことなどが問題視され、台臣の弾劾を受けて南安に流され、そこで亡くなった[6]

脚注

  1. ^ 『元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝,「徹里帖木児、阿魯温氏。祖父累立戦功、為西域大族。徹里帖木児幼沈毅有大志、早備宿衛、擢中書直省舎人、遂拝監察御史。時右丞相帖木迭児用事、生殺予奪皆出其意、道路側目。徹里帖木児抗言、歴詆其奸、帖木迭児欲中傷之。会山東水、塩課大損、除山東転運司副使、甫浹月、補其虧数皆足。転刑部尚書、京師豪右憚之、不敢犯法、而以非罪麗法者多所全脱」
  2. ^ 『元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝,「天暦二年、拝中書右丞、尋陞中書平章政事、出為河南行省平章政事。黄河清、有司以為瑞、請聞于朝。徹里帖木児曰『吾知為臣忠・為子孝・天下治・百姓安為瑞、餘何益於治』。歳大饑、徹里帖木児議賑之。其属以為必自県上之府、府上之省、然後以聞。徹里帖木児慨然曰『民饑死者已衆、乃欲拘以常格耶。往復累月、民存無幾矣。此蓋有司畏罪、将帰怨于朝廷、吾不為也』。大発倉廩賑之、乃請専擅之罪。文宗聞而悦之、賜龍衣・上尊」
  3. ^ 『元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝,「至順元年、雲南伯忽叛、以知行枢密院事総兵討之、治軍有紀律、所過秋毫無犯。賊平、賞賚甚厚、悉分賜将士、師旋、嚢装惟巾櫛而已。除留守上都。先是、上都官買商旅之貨、其直不即酬給、以故商旅不得帰、至有饑寒死者。徹里帖木児為之請。有旨、出鈔四百万貫償之。遷江浙行省平章政事、以厳厲為政、部内粛然。尋召拝御史中丞、朝廷憚之、風紀大振」
  4. ^ 『元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝,「至元元年、拝中書平章政事。首議罷科挙、又欲損太廟四祭為一祭。監察御史呂思誠等列其罪状劾之、帝不允、詔徹里帖木児仍出署事。時罷科挙詔已書而未用宝、参政許有壬入争之。太師伯顔怒曰『汝風台臣言徹里帖木児邪』。有壬曰『太師以徹里帖木児宣力之故、擢置中書。御史三十人不畏太師而聴有壬、豈有壬権重於太師耶』。伯顔意解。有壬乃曰『科挙若罷、天下人才觖望』。伯顔曰『挙子多以贓敗、又有假蒙古・色目名者』。有壬曰『科挙未行之先、台中贓罰無算、豈尽出於挙子。挙子不可謂無過、較之於彼則少矣』。伯顔因曰『挙子中可任用者唯参政耳』。有壬曰『若張夢臣・馬伯庸・丁文苑輩皆可任大事。又如欧陽元功之文章、豈易及邪』。伯顔曰『科挙雖罷、士之欲求美衣美食者、皆能自向学、豈有不至大官者邪』。有壬曰『所謂士者、初不以衣食為事、其事在治国平天下耳』。伯顔又曰『今科挙取人、実妨選法』。有壬曰『古人有言、立賢無方。科挙取士、豈不愈於通事・知印等出身者。今通事等天下凡三千三百二十五名、歳餘四百五十六人。玉典赤・太医・控鶴、皆入流品。又路吏及任子其途非一。今歳自四月至九月、白身補官受宣者七十二人、而科挙一歳僅三十餘人。太師試思之、科挙於選法果相妨邪』。伯顔心然其言、然其議已定、不可中輟、乃為温言慰解之、且謂有壬為能言。有壬聞之曰『能言何益於事』。徹里帖木児時在座、曰『参政坐、無多言也』。有壬曰『太師謂我風人劾平章、可共坐邪』。徹里帖木児笑曰『吾固未嘗信此語也』。有壬曰『宜平章之不信也、設有壬果風人言平章、則言之必中矣、豈止如此而已』。衆皆笑而罷。翌日、崇天門宣詔、特令有壬為班首以折辱之。有壬懼及禍、勉従之。治書侍御史普化誚有壬曰『参政可謂過河拆橋者矣』。有壬以為大耻、遂移疾不出」
  5. ^ 宮崎1992,284-285頁
  6. ^ 『元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝,「初、徹里帖木児之在江浙也、会行科挙、駅請考官、供張甚盛、心頗不平、故其入中書以罷科挙為第一。事先、論学校貢士荘田租可給怯薛衣糧、動当国者、以発其機、至是遂論罷之。徹里帖木児嘗指斥武宗為那壁、那壁者猶謂之彼也。又嘗以妻弟阿魯渾沙女為己女、冒請珠袍等物。於是台臣復劾其罪。而伯顔亦悪其忤己、欲斥之。詔貶徹里帖木児于南安、人皆快之。久之、卒于貶所。至正二十三年、監察御史野仙帖木児等辨其罪、可依寒食国公追封王爵定諡加功臣之号、事不行」

参考文献

  • 宮崎市定「元朝治下の蒙古的官職をめぐる蒙漢関係」『宮崎市定全集10』岩波書店、1992年
  • 元史』巻142列伝29徹里帖木児伝

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