シロインゲンマメ

生のシロインゲンマメ
100 gあたりの栄養価
エネルギー 1,468 kJ (351 kcal)
60.75 g
糖類 3.88 g
食物繊維 24.4 g
1.5 g
22.33 g
%はアメリカ合衆国における
成人栄養摂取目標 (RDIの割合。
出典: USDA栄養データベース(英語)

シロインゲンマメ(Navy bean, haricot, white pea bean[1], pea bean[2])は、インゲンマメ属に属し白色の種子をつける種類(種としてはインゲンマメベニバナインゲン等)の総称である。小さく乾燥した白色の豆で、楕円形に若干平たい形をしている。ベイクドビーンズやパイ、Senate bean soup等のスープ等に用いられる[3]。他の野菜とは異なり、シロインゲンマメは缶詰にする過程であまり栄養価が失われない[4]

シロインゲンマメを実らせる植物は、栽培品種によって、低木状のものと蔓状のものがある[5]

シロインゲンマメの摂取は、合計コレステロール及び低比重リポタンパクの量を低減させることが示されている[6][7]。この効果の少なくとも一部は、シロインゲンマメの高いサポニン含有量により説明される。またサポニンは抗細菌及び抗菌活性も示し、癌細胞の成長阻害も観察される[8]。さらに、シロインゲンマメには他の豆類と同様にフェルラ酸p-クマル酸も多く含まれる[9]。19世紀にアメリカ海軍の食糧として採用されたため、英語では“Navy bean”と呼ばれる。

栽培品種

シロインゲンマメの栽培品種には、次のようなものがある。

栄養価

シロインゲンマメには、既知の植物としてはホスファチジルセリンが最も豊富に含まれている[13]

その他

主に西日本で特にこの種を指してトロクスン、トロッスン、あるいはとうろくまめなどといった名称で呼ぶ場合がある。豆を長径方向に10粒並べた際に6寸の長さになることが由来とされ、漢字での表記「十六寸豆」「斗六豆」からの転訛とされる。[要出典]

関連項目

出典

  1. ^ Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)”. Pulse Canada. 2014年8月30日閲覧。
  2. ^ Pea bean”. The American Heritage Dictionary. 2013年9月17日閲覧。
  3. ^ Senate Bean Soup.
  4. ^ http://www.tarladalal.com/glossary-haricot-beans-708i
  5. ^ Mark Goodwin (2003年). “Crop Profile for Dry Beans”. Pulse Canada. 2014年8月30日閲覧。
  6. ^ Susan M. Shutler, Gemma M. Bircher, Jacki A. Tredger, Linda M. Morgan, Ann F. Walker and A. G. LOW (1989). The effect of daily baked bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaemic men. British Journal of Nutrition, 61, pp. 257-265 doi:10.1079/BJN19890114.
  7. ^ Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins. Baked bean consumption reduces serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 1 July 2007 (volume 27 issue 7 pp. 380-386 doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.017).
  8. ^ John Shi, Sophia Jun Xue, Ying Mab, Dong Li, Yukio Kakuda, Yubin Lan. Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions. Journal of Food Engineering 93 (2009) 59-65.
  9. ^ Devanand L. Luthria, Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales. Phenolic acids content of fifteen dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19 (2006) 205-211.
  10. ^ a b c d James D. Kelly. “One Hundred Years of Bean Breeding at Michigan State University: A Chronology”. 2014年8月30日閲覧。
  11. ^ Schwartz, H.F.; Corrales, M.A.P. (1989). Bean Production Problems in the Tropics. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). ISBN 9789589183045. https://books.google.ca/books?id=jz76qSE1CL4C&hl=en 
  12. ^ 手亡(てぼう)日本豆類協会
  13. ^ Souci SW, Fachmann E, Kraut H (2008). Food Composition and Nutrition Tables. Medpharm Scientific Publishers Stuttgart.

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