Vexillum

Unico esempio originale di un vexillum romano, prodotto nel III secolo d.C. Museo Pushkin delle Belle Arti, Russia
Ricostruzione di alcuni vexilla di epoca romana.

Il vexillum - latino, plurale vexilla, diminutivo di velum, velo, in italiano vessillo - era un piccolo stendardo usato dall'esercito romano.

I primi esempi di vexilla risalgono all'età repubblicana ed erano costituiti da un drappo quadrato montato sul lato superiore ad una barra fissata orizzontalmente ad un'asta[1]. Il vexillum non necessitava di essere sventolato per risultare visibile, come invece accade per le bandiere in assenza di vento, con ciò permettendo che i suoi movimenti potessero essere altrimenti utilizzati per la segnalazione delle manovre alla truppa. Il suo portatore era detto vessillifero.

In origine insegna della cavalleria legionaria, il vexillum contraddistingueva la tenda del comandante (praetorium) e in età imperiale fu talvolta distintivo delle alae, divenendo anche insegna e denominazione dei reparti di veterani trattenuti in servizio, i vexilla veteranorum, oltreché sinonimo di vessillazione.

Un particolare tipo di vexillum fu il cantabrum o labaro, menzionato da Tertulliano e Minucio Felice, probabilmente utilizzato dalla cavalleria cantabrica e secondo alcune interpretazioni da considerarsi come il precursore del labaro imperiale. Dal vexillum derivarono poi in età tardo-imperiale i drachi e il bandum da cui discendono le moderne bandiere[2], fissate, a differenza del vexillum, ad un montante verticale e che di norma non cadono orizzontalmente[3].

Dal vexillum derivano inoltre i gonfaloni, diffusisi a partire dal Medioevo e ancor oggi utilizzati dai comuni italiani.

Nel 2006 le autorità archeologiche italiane hanno trovato sul Palatino dei resti riconducibili ai puntali dei vessilli usati probabilmente durante le parate e in altre occasioni di rappresentanza[4].

Note

  1. ^ Talvolta insieme ad altri oggetti metallici, puramente ornamentali o distintivi di una qualche onorificenza.
  2. ^ Cfr., si veda l'etimologia della parola bandiera.
  3. ^ Salvo quando esposte appese senza pennone.
  4. ^ Articolo su Romanhideout (in inglese)

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Read other articles:

La technologie environnementale (encore appelée technologie de l'environnement ou technologie verte ou écotechnie) est une des applications des sciences environnementales visant à développer des outils pour : la biosurveillance (bioindication) et la mesure des teneurs en certains polluants de différents milieux (air, eau, sol...) ou d'un réseau trophique (bioconcentration...) ; la réhabilitation ou l'assainissement (ex : bioremédiation, phytoremédiation..) de lieux con...

 

Часть серии статей о Холокосте Идеология и политика Расовая гигиена · Расовый антисемитизм · Нацистская расовая политика · Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец · Дахау · Майданек · Малый Тростенец · Маутхаузен ·&...

 

International organisation for freedom of the press Reporters Without BordersReporters Sans FrontièresLogo since 2020Formation1985FounderRobert Ménard, Rémy Loury, Jacques Molénat and Émilien JubineauTypeNonprofit organisation, non-governmental organisation with consultant status at the United NationsHeadquartersParis, FranceDirector GeneralChristophe Deloire(since July 2012)Key peopleChristophe Deloire, Secretary General Pierre Haski, President RSF France Mickael Rediske, President RSF...

نيا إيونيا Νέα Ιωνία Nea Ionia  خريطة الموقع تقسيم إداري البلد اليونان[1] المنطقة الإدارية ثيساليا ماغنيسيا خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 39°22′45″N 22°55′39″E / 39.379166666667°N 22.9275°E / 39.379166666667; 22.9275   الأرض 63.314 كم² الارتفاع 5 متر  السكان التعداد السكاني 31,929 نسمة (إحصاء 20...

 

Tata nama IUPAC adalah sistem penamaan senyawa kimia dan penjelasan ilmu kimia secara umum. Tata nama ini dikembangkan dan dimutakhirkan di bawah pengawasan International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Aturan penamaan senyawa organik (tatanama organik) dan inorganik (tatanama anorganik) dimuat dalam dua publikasi, yang dikenal dengan nama Blue Book [1] dan Red Book.[2] Publikasi ketiga, yang dikenal dengan nama Green Book,[3] memuat rekomendasi untuk peng...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Aperture Foundation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Nonprofit arts institution Aperture Gallery in ChelseaAperture Foundation is a nonprofit arts institution, founded in 1952 by Ansel Adam...

The British Indian Ocean Territory prior to the Seychelles' independence in 1976. The land at bottom left is the northern tip of Madagascar. (Desroches is not labelled, but is a part of the Amirante Islands.) Map of the British Indian Ocean Territory since 1976. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an archipelago of 55 islands in the Indian Ocean, located south of India. It is situated approximately halfway between Africa and Indonesia. The islands form a semicircular group with an o...

 

2010 filmKeiko: The Untold StoryDirected byTheresa DemarestProduced byTheresa DemarestDistributed byJoshua Records LLCRelease date 2010 (2010) Running time75 minutesLanguageEnglish Keiko: The Untold story is a 2010 documentary film about Keiko, the Orca best known for starring in the film Free Willy and its two sequels. It was directed and produced by Theresa Demarest. The film made the official selection list of many film festivals, including the Southern Utah International Documentary ...

 

American baseball player (born 1981) Baseball player Anthony ReyesReyes with the St. Louis CardinalsPitcherBorn: (1981-10-16) October 16, 1981 (age 42)Whittier, California, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutAugust 9, 2005, for the St. Louis CardinalsLast MLB appearanceMay 22, 2009, for the Cleveland IndiansMLB statisticsWin–loss record13–26Earned run average5.12Strikeouts205 Teams St. Louis Cardinals (2005–2008) Cleveland Indians (2008–2009) Care...

Italian Protestant denomination For the broader movement, see Waldensians. For current Protestant union in Italy after the union with Methodists in 1975, see Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches.Waldensian Evangelical ChurchChiesa Evangelica ValdeseSeal of the Waldensian ChurchTypeReligious sectOrientationWaldensianScriptureChristian BibleTheologyReformed theologyPolityPresbyterianAssociationsUnion of Methodist and Waldensian ChurchesFederation of Evangelical Churches in ItalyWorld All...

 

UCI America Tour Competizione UCI America Tour Sport Ciclismo su strada Edizione 9ª Organizzatore UCI Date 7 ottobre-14 settembre Cronologia della competizione UCI America Tour 2012 UCI America Tour 2014 Manuale L'UCI America Tour 2013 fu la nona edizione dell'UCI America Tour, uno dei cinque circuiti continentali di ciclismo dell'Unione Ciclistica Internazionale. Era composto da una trentina di corse che si svolsero tra ottobre 2012 e settembre 2013 in America. Indice 1 Calendario 1.1 Otto...

 

Celebest F.C. PaluNama lengkapCelebest Football Club PaluJulukanTanduk AnoaBerdiri2000 sebagai Villa 2000 F.C.2015 sebagai Celebest F.C. PaluStadionStadion Gawalise, Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah(Kapasitas: 20.000)PemilikPT. Celebest Indonesia AndalCEO Abdee NegaraManajer Ahmadi HB. BuraeraPelatih Budiarjo ThalibLigaLiga 3 Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Musim ini Celebest F.C. Palu (dulunya bernama Villa 2000 F.C.) adalah sebuah tim sepak bola Indonesia yang berada di Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, ...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's n...

 

Portuguese pork dish Carne de porco à alentejana Carne de porco à alentejana (pork with clams) is one of the most traditional and popular pork dishes of Portuguese cuisine. It is a combination of pork and clams, with potatoes and coriander.[1] Usually, about 800 g of pork are marinated for some time in white wine, paprika, red pepper paste, chopped garlic, coriander, bay leaf, and salt and white pepper. Cumin is often added in northern Portugal as well.[2] It is then fr...

 

Kashmir International Half MarathonDate13 September 2015LocationSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDistanceHalf MarathonPrimary sponsorBIG FM 92.7Established2015 (2015) Kashmir International Half Marathon, organized by Big FM, saw more than 30,000 people from India and other countries participate in the event which was held in Srinagar on 13 September 2015.[1][2][3][4] Events and theme Two events were held under the banner of I am the change: 21 km ha...

United States historic placeOld Manatee County CourthouseU.S. National Register of Historic Places LocationBradenton, FloridaCoordinates27°29′39″N 82°32′52″W / 27.49417°N 82.54778°W / 27.49417; -82.54778Built1860ArchitectEzekiel GlazierNRHP reference No.76000601[1]Added to NRHPJune 29, 1976 (1976-06-29) The Old Manatee County Courthouse, built in 1859–1860, is an historic building located at 1404 Manatee Avenue East, in Br...

 

Voce principale: Società Sportiva Lazio. SS LazioStagione 1960-1961 Sport calcio Squadra Lazio Allenatore Fulvio Bernardini[1], poi Enrique Flamini[2] Direttore tecnico Jesse Carver[3] PresidenteComm. straordinario Andrea Ercoli Costantino Tessarolo Massimo Giovannini Serie A18º (in Serie B) Coppa ItaliaFinalista Coppa delle AlpiVincitore[4] Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Carradori (32)Totale: Carradori (36) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Rozzoni (11)Totale...

 

東京臨海副都心 > お台場 > アクアシティお台場 アクアシティお台場AQUA CITY ODAIBA 地図 店舗概要所在地 〒135-0091東京都港区台場1丁目7番1号座標 北緯35度37分40.1秒 東経139度46分24.8秒 / 北緯35.627806度 東経139.773556度 / 35.627806; 139.773556 (アクアシティお台場)座標: 北緯35度37分40.1秒 東経139度46分24.8秒 / 北緯35.627806度 東経139.773556度&#...

Brightness of a celestial object observed from the Earth For a more detailed discussion of the history of the magnitude system, see Magnitude (astronomy). Asteroid 65 Cybele and two stars in the constellation Aquarius, with their magnitudes labeled Apparent magnitude (m) is a measure of the brightness of a star, astronomical object or other celestial objects like artificial satellites. Its value depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance, and any extinction of the object's light caused...

 

Irish entomologist and arachnologist Thomas Workman (1843–1900) was an Irish entomologist and arachnologist who travelled widely collecting butterflies and studying spiders. He is best known for his book Malaysian Spiders, published in 1896, in which he described several new species. Biography Thomas Workman was born at Ceara, Windsor Avenue, Belfast, Ireland on 14 August 1843 into a wealthy family involved in muslin, linen and commerce. He became a successful businessman, at first in t...